KATHLEEN JASPER PRAXIS 5002 INFORMATION WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2023.

Phonological Awareness An overarching skill that includes identifying and manipulating units of oral language, including parts of words, syllables, onsets, and rimes Phonemic Awareness Understanding the individual sounds in words Phonics Understanding the relationship between sounds and the spelling patterns representing those sounds Phonemes The individual sounds in words Syllables Units of pronunciation having one vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or a part of a word Onsets The beginning consonant and consonant cluster Rimes The vowel and consonants that follow the onset Blending The ability to string together the sounds that each letter stands for in a word Segmenting Breaking a word apart Substituting Replacing one phoneme with another in a word Deleting when students take words apart, remove one sound, and pronounce the word without the removed sound Morphology The study of words and their forms Morphemes The smallest units of meaning in words Spelling Conventions the rules that English words follow Single Letters A single consonant letter can be represented by a phoneme Doublets Uses two of the same letter to spell a consonant phoneme Digraphs A two-letter combination that creates one phoneme Trigraphs Three-letter combinations that create one phoneme Diphthongs Sounds formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves toward another Consonant Blends Include two or three graphemes and the consonant sounds are separate and identifiable Silent Letter Combinations Use two letters: one represents the phoneme and the other is silent Combination qu These two letters always go together and make a /kw/ sound Single Letters- vowel A single vowel letter that stands for a vowel sound Vowel Teams Combinations of two, three, or four letters that stand for a vowel sound Short Vowels Long Vowels Letter-sound correspondence The letter k before e, i, or y Kite, Key The letter C before a, o, u, or any consonant makes a /k/ sound Cat, Cost, Cut, Clap When c is followed by e or i or y, it makes an /s/ sound Cycle, Receive The letter q is always followed by a u Queen, Quick, Quiet, Quilt English words don't end in I, a or y is used instead My, Fly Use ck at the end of one-syllable words after a short vowel Luck, Tuck, Stuck Usually, k comes after a consonant or a long vowel sound Look, Skunk, Book When c comes at the end of a two or more-syllable word, it makes a /k/ sound Garlic, Atlantic Always follow k with an e following a long vowel sound at the end of a word Like, Strike, Hike, Make The letters ss, ff, ll are often doubled at the end of a one syllable word that ends with that sound. Floss, Fluff, Chill i before e except after c, except as in neighbor or weigh Piece, Receive, neighbor, weigh The letter g before e, i, or y sounds like /j/ Gel, Giant, Gym The letter g followed by any other letter sounds like a hard /g/ Glass, grow High-frequency words Decodable Words Roots Affix Suffixes Structural Analysis Stages ELL goes through during second language acquistition 1. Pre-Production 2. Early Production 3. Speech Emergence 4. Intermediate Fluency 5. Advanced Fluency World-Class Instructional Design and Assessment (WIDA) Linguistic Complexity Language Usage Effective Approaches for teaching ELLs: Visual Effective Approaches for teaching ELLs: Cooperative Learning Effective Approaches for teaching ELLs: Honor the "silent period" Effective Approaches for teaching ELLs: Allow use of native language B.F. Skinner Noam Chomsky Closed Syllable Open Syllable Vowel-Consonant-Silent e Vowel Teams Two types of vowel teams Long and variant Long Vowel Team Variant Vowel Team Consonant le (-al, -el) Final Stable Other final stable syllables R-controlled "bossy R" CVC Consonant-Vowel-Consonant EX: Bat, cat, tap CVCe Consonant-Vowel-Consonant-silent e EX: make, take, bake CCVC consonant-consonant-vowel-consonant Ex. trap, chop, stun, grit, shop CVCC consonant-vowel-consonant-consonant Ex. hunt, fast, cart, milk, want VC-CV Two or more consonants between two vowels (nap-kin, pen-ny) V-CV and VC-V One consonant between two vowels e-ven, de-cent Consonant Blend Syntactic Cueing Semantic Cuing