TNCC Written Exam questions and answers well illustrated.

TNCC Written Exam questions and answers well illustrated. What is the best measure of the adequacy of cellular perfusion and helps predict the outcome of resuscitation? - correct answers.Base deficit used in conjunction with serum lactate Will hypocapnia cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation, especially in the cerebral vasculature? - correct answers.Vasoconstriction What results from tissue hypo perfusion and oxygen deficit? - correct answers.Metabolic acidosis What type of shock results in generalized vasodilation? - correct answers.Neurogenic shock Spinal cord injuries at C3-C5 causes loss of what nerves function, resulting in what? - correct answers.Phrenic nerve; paralyzed diaphragm and inability to breath Extremity elevation AT the level of the heart is beneficial for what type of injury? - correct answers.Compartment Syndrome What is a high risk of frostbite? - correct answers.Thrombus formation What two medications can be administered to maintain perfusion after a frostbite injury along with rewarming? - correct answers.Tissue plasminogen activator or non steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAIDS) An rise in diastolic blood pressures is a sign of increasing what? - correct answers.Peripheral resistance What position will benefit the airway and work of breathing for the bariatric patient? - correct answers.Reverse Trendelenburg Which phase of a blast results from flying debris, projectiles, and bomb fragments causing lacerations or penetrating injuries? - correct answers.Secondary Phase What phase of a blast results from any explosion-related illness or injury including hyperglycemia, hypertension, angina, asthma, COPD, or sepsis? - correct answers.Quaternary Phase What phase of a blast results from individuals being thrown by the blast and impacting walls, ground, or any hard object? - correct answers.Tertiary Phase What phase of a blast results from impact of the over and under pressurization wave with body surfaces. Injuries include blast lung, tympanic membrane rupture, abdominal hemorrhage, globe rupture, and mild traumatic brain injury? - correct answers.Primary Phase Signs of what include muscle pain or weakness, dark red or brown urine, general weakness or malaise, and elevated creatinine kinase levels? - correct answers.Rhabdomyolosis Signs of what include anxiety, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, hypoxemia, hemoptysis, cough, orthopnea, adventitious lung sounds, decreased lung sounds, jugular vein distention, or hypotension? - correct answers.Pulmonary Embolus Signs of what include headache, nausea and vomiting, amnesia, behavioral changes, altered level of consciousness? - correct answers.Increased intracranial pressure Signs of what include asymmetric pupillary reactivity, unilateral dilation, widening pulse pressure, abnormal motor posturing, bradycardia, and decreased respiratory effort? - correct answers.Late signs of increased ICP with Herniation Syndrome What is caused by the tear of the bridging veins or middle meningeal artery? - correct answers.Subdural and Epidural Hematoma Affect concentration, memory, sleep, mode, and libido. Causes headaches, dizziness and nausea. - correct answers.Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Signs and symptoms similar to early signs of increased ICP but do not worsen. - correct answers.Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Cerebral Perfusion Pressure = ______-______ - correct answers.MAP - ICP What is the range for CO2 to maximize perfusion? - correct answers.35-45 Does hypoventilation cause dilation or constriction? Increase or decrease ICP? - correct answers.Dilation and increase in ICP due to high CO2 Hyperventilation cause dilation or constriction? - correct answers.Constriction d/t low CO2 Pupils with pressure on cranial nerve - correct answers.Fixed and dilated Pupils with opiates vs stimulants - correct ; large Pupils with anticholinergics such as atropine, ipratropium, and scopolamine - correct Sluggish reaction of pupils is an early sign of what? - correct answers.Increasing ICP Glasgow Coma Score with Mild, Moderate, and Severe TBI - correct answers.Mild = 13-15 Moderate = 9-12 Severe = 3-8 Goal value for ICP - correct answers.15 Goal value for Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) - correct answers.60 Le Fort Fracture - correct answers.Fracture of the maxilla What decrease ICP by decreasing cellular edema? - correct answers.Osmotic diuretics (such as 3% saline and mannitol) Becks Triad is a sign of what? And includes what three symptoms? - correct answers.Cardiac Tamponade; 1. Hypotension 2. JVD 3. Muffled heart sounds What is pulsus paradoxus? And what is it a sign of? - correct answers.Drop in blood pressure with inspiration, sign of cardiac tamponade Tachycarida, weak pulses, hypotension, cool periphery, delayed cap refill, anxiety and agitation are signs of what type of shock? Seen with what? - correct answers.Obstructive Shock; Cardiac Tamponade Persistent blood loss following chest tube insertion is a sign of what? - correct answers.Hemothorax Ipsilateral diminished breath sounds and chest movement is a sign of what? - correct answers.Hemothorax Tearing chest/back pain, unequal blood pressure and pulses are a sign of what? Caused by a high mechanism of injury. - correct answers.Thoracic Aortic Disruption Dysrhythmia, ischemic changes, and persistent unexplained tachycardia are signs of what? - correct answers.Myocardial contusion from Blunt Cardiac Injury Decreased/absent breath sounds ipsilaterally, JVD, hypotension, and tracheal deviation to the contralateral side (late sign) is seen with what? Can lead to what? - correct answers.Tension Pneumothorax; PEA