NURS 611(ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY) EXAM 2
ACTUAL EXAM WITH 150+ QUESTIONS & 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES| A+ GRADE
(MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY)
1. Review: the parasympathetic system is all about
what?
Conserving energy, digesting, metabolism, and
rest
2. The sympathetic nervous system primarily serves to protect an individual by
doing which of the following? (select all that apply)
A. Decreasing mucous production
B. Increasing blood sugar levels
C. Increasing body temperature
D. Decreasing sweat excretion
E. Increasing blood pressure
Increases blood sugar levels, increases body temperature, and increases blood
pressure In general, sympathetic stimulation promotes responses that are
concerned with the protection of the individual, which include increasing
glucose, body temp, and BP.
3. Review: the sympathetic system is all about what?
It’s all about mobilizing energy stores, for instance glucose to muscles,
decreased release of insulin, redirects blood supply from the gut to the
muscles, heart, and lungs.
4. Which characteristic is the most critical index of nervous system
dysfunction?
Level of consciousness
LOC is the most critical clinical index of nervous system function or
dysfunction. An alteration in consciousness indicates either improvement or
deterioration of a person’s condition.
5. Thought and goal-oriented behaviors are functions of which area of
the brain?
Prefrontal lobe
, The prefrontal area is responsible for goal-oriented behavior such as the ability
to concentrate, short-term or recall memory, and the elaboration of thought
and inhibition on the limbic (emotional) areas of the CNS.
6. Where is the region responsible for the motor
aspects?
Broca area in the frontal lobe
Broca speech area is the only region responsible for the motor aspects of speech.
7. Parkinson and Huntington diseases are associated with defects in which
area of the brain?
Basal ganglia
8. Maintenance of a constant internal environment and the implementation of
behavioral patterns are main functions of which area of the brain?
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamic function falls into 2 major areas: 1) maintenance of a constant
internal environment, and 2) implementation of behavioral patterns.
9. What parts of the brain mediate the expression of affect, both emotional and
behavioral states?
Limbic system and prefrontal cortex
10. Reflex activities concerned with heart rate, blood pressure, respirations,
sneezing, swallowing, and coughing are controlled by which area of the
brain?
Medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata makes up the myelencephalon and is the lowest portion
of the brainstem.
11. Which area of the brain assumes the responsibility for conscious and
unconscious muscle synergy and for maintaining balance and posture?
Cerebellum
12. The brain receives approximately what percentage of the cardiac
output? 20% or 800 to 1000 ml of blood flow per minute
13. What evidence does the nurse expect to see when a patient experiences
trauma to the hypothalamus? (select all that apply)
A. Uneven expression of mood
B. Unstable blood glucose levels
, C. Poor regulation of body temperature
D. Visual disturbances such as blurred vision
E. N/V and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease
Uneven expression of mood, unstable blood glucose levels, and poor temp
regulation
The hypothalamus forms the base of the diencephalon. Hypothalamic function
controls autonomic nervous system function, regulation of body temp,
endocrine function (glucose levels), and regulation of emotional expression.
14. What is the first defense of our
bodies?
Skin and mucous membranes
15. Which action is the purpose of the inflammatory
process?
To prevent infection of the injured tissue
If the epithelial barrier is damaged, then a highly efficient local and system
response (inflammation) is mobilized to limit the extent of damage, to protect
against infection, and to initiate the repair of damaged tissue.
16. What are the 4 cardinal signs of infection?
Edema (tumor), warmth (calor), redness (rubor), and pain (dolar).
There is a 5th sign known as loss of function (functio laesa) but Dr. Wunderlich
did not mention this.
17. Which type of white blood cell is first to arrive at the site of
infection?
Leukocytes
18. What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory
process?
Increased capillary permeability
The increased flow and capillary permeability result in a leakage of plasma
from the vessels, causing swelling in the surrounding tissue and is solely
responsible for inflammation-induced edema.
19. What process causes heat and redness to occur during the inflammatory
process?
Vasodilation of blood vessels
ACTUAL EXAM WITH 150+ QUESTIONS & 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES| A+ GRADE
(MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY)
1. Review: the parasympathetic system is all about
what?
Conserving energy, digesting, metabolism, and
rest
2. The sympathetic nervous system primarily serves to protect an individual by
doing which of the following? (select all that apply)
A. Decreasing mucous production
B. Increasing blood sugar levels
C. Increasing body temperature
D. Decreasing sweat excretion
E. Increasing blood pressure
Increases blood sugar levels, increases body temperature, and increases blood
pressure In general, sympathetic stimulation promotes responses that are
concerned with the protection of the individual, which include increasing
glucose, body temp, and BP.
3. Review: the sympathetic system is all about what?
It’s all about mobilizing energy stores, for instance glucose to muscles,
decreased release of insulin, redirects blood supply from the gut to the
muscles, heart, and lungs.
4. Which characteristic is the most critical index of nervous system
dysfunction?
Level of consciousness
LOC is the most critical clinical index of nervous system function or
dysfunction. An alteration in consciousness indicates either improvement or
deterioration of a person’s condition.
5. Thought and goal-oriented behaviors are functions of which area of
the brain?
Prefrontal lobe
, The prefrontal area is responsible for goal-oriented behavior such as the ability
to concentrate, short-term or recall memory, and the elaboration of thought
and inhibition on the limbic (emotional) areas of the CNS.
6. Where is the region responsible for the motor
aspects?
Broca area in the frontal lobe
Broca speech area is the only region responsible for the motor aspects of speech.
7. Parkinson and Huntington diseases are associated with defects in which
area of the brain?
Basal ganglia
8. Maintenance of a constant internal environment and the implementation of
behavioral patterns are main functions of which area of the brain?
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamic function falls into 2 major areas: 1) maintenance of a constant
internal environment, and 2) implementation of behavioral patterns.
9. What parts of the brain mediate the expression of affect, both emotional and
behavioral states?
Limbic system and prefrontal cortex
10. Reflex activities concerned with heart rate, blood pressure, respirations,
sneezing, swallowing, and coughing are controlled by which area of the
brain?
Medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata makes up the myelencephalon and is the lowest portion
of the brainstem.
11. Which area of the brain assumes the responsibility for conscious and
unconscious muscle synergy and for maintaining balance and posture?
Cerebellum
12. The brain receives approximately what percentage of the cardiac
output? 20% or 800 to 1000 ml of blood flow per minute
13. What evidence does the nurse expect to see when a patient experiences
trauma to the hypothalamus? (select all that apply)
A. Uneven expression of mood
B. Unstable blood glucose levels
, C. Poor regulation of body temperature
D. Visual disturbances such as blurred vision
E. N/V and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease
Uneven expression of mood, unstable blood glucose levels, and poor temp
regulation
The hypothalamus forms the base of the diencephalon. Hypothalamic function
controls autonomic nervous system function, regulation of body temp,
endocrine function (glucose levels), and regulation of emotional expression.
14. What is the first defense of our
bodies?
Skin and mucous membranes
15. Which action is the purpose of the inflammatory
process?
To prevent infection of the injured tissue
If the epithelial barrier is damaged, then a highly efficient local and system
response (inflammation) is mobilized to limit the extent of damage, to protect
against infection, and to initiate the repair of damaged tissue.
16. What are the 4 cardinal signs of infection?
Edema (tumor), warmth (calor), redness (rubor), and pain (dolar).
There is a 5th sign known as loss of function (functio laesa) but Dr. Wunderlich
did not mention this.
17. Which type of white blood cell is first to arrive at the site of
infection?
Leukocytes
18. What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory
process?
Increased capillary permeability
The increased flow and capillary permeability result in a leakage of plasma
from the vessels, causing swelling in the surrounding tissue and is solely
responsible for inflammation-induced edema.
19. What process causes heat and redness to occur during the inflammatory
process?
Vasodilation of blood vessels
