DaVita PCT Clinical Exam Questions and Answers (Graded A)

ultrafiltration - ANSWER-removes water from the blood by PUSHING it across the semipermeable membrane from the blood side within the dialyzer's hollow fibers to the dialysate side; pressure is added to the dialyzer to get the fluid out. TMP - ANSWER-transmembrane pressure; pressure in dialyzer. (+ TMP can show a clot). osmosis - ANSWER-movement of WATER across a semipermeable membrane from the side of LOWER solute concentration to the side with the HIGHER solute concentration, until equilibrium is reached. osmotic pressure gradients drive ultrafiltration. when drawing the post-BUN sample at the completion of the treatment... - ANSWER-1) turn off the UFR 2) decrease the dialysate flow rate to 300 ml/min or place the machine in bypass 3) reduce BFR to 50 ml/min 4) then wait 15 seconds 5) draw the BUN blood sample from arterial sample port (venous port can give falsely low readings). the post-BUN blood sample is related to the patient's _____ reading - ANSWER-Kt/V two possible causes in inaccurate Kt/V results include: - ANSWER-1) blood sample was drawn before correct time interval and access recirculation makes the Kt/V falsely high. 2) blood sample was drawn after correct time interval was completed, urea rebound makes the Kt/V falsely low. optimal dialysate temperature - ANSWER-36.6 maximum recirculation time after a machine has been set up prior to tx cannot exceed: - ANSWER-2 hours why do limit recirculation time? - ANSWER-limiting bacterial growth in machine ultrafiltration - ANSWER-removes water from the blood by PUSHING it across the semipermeable membrane from the blood side within the dialyzer's hollow fibers to the dialysate side; pressure is added to the dialyzer to get the fluid out. TMP - ANSWER-transmembrane pressure; pressure in dialyzer. (+ TMP can show a clot). osmosis - ANSWER-movement of WATER across a semipermeable membrane from the side of LOWER solute concentration to the side with the HIGHER solute concentration, until equilibrium is reached. osmotic pressure gradients drive ultrafiltration. when drawing the post-BUN sample at the completion of the treatment... - ANSWER-1) turn off the UFR 2) decrease the dialysate flow rate to 300 ml/min or place the machine in bypass 3) reduce BFR to 50 ml/min 4) then wait 15 seconds 5) draw the BUN blood sample from arterial sample port (venous port can give falsely low readings). the post-BUN blood sample is related to the patient's _____ reading - ANSWER-Kt/V two possible causes in inaccurate Kt/V results include: - ANSWER-1) blood sample was drawn before correct time interval and access recirculation makes the Kt/V falsely high. 2) blood sample was drawn after correct time interval was completed, urea rebound makes the Kt/V falsely low. optimal dialysate temperature - ANSWER-36.6 maximum recirculation time after a machine has been set up prior to tx cannot exceed: - ANSWER-2 hours why do limit recirculation time? - ANSWER-limiting bacterial growth in machine