SPCE 611 - EXAM 1 - CHAPTER 1 – 4 Rated A

SPCE 611 - EXAM 1 - CHAPTER 1 – 4 Rated A Description The level of investigation that involves the collection of facts about observed events that can be quantified, classified, and examined for possible relations with other known facts, and often suggests hypotheses or questions for additional research is Prediction The level of investigation that demonstrates correlation between events and is based on repeated observation is Control The level of investigation in which functional relations can be derived is Science The overall goal of _________ is to achieve a thorough understanding of the phenomenon under study Determinism This is the assumption upon which science is predicated, the idea that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which all phenomena occur as the result of other events Parsimony This is the idea that simple, logical explanations must be ruled out, experimentally or conceptually, before more complex or abstract explanations are considered Experimental analysis of behavior This is the branch of bx analysis that focuses on basic research Three term contingency The S-R-S model of psychology is also known as B.F. Skinner This person is considered to be the founder of experimental analysis of behavior Mentalism This is the approach to understanding bx that assumes that a mental or "inner" dimension exists that differs from a behavioral dimension and that phenomena in this dimension either directly cause or at least mediate some forms of bx The Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis began publication and "Some current Dimensions of Applied Behavior Analysis," by Baer, Wolf, and Risley, was published These events marked the formal beginning of contemporary applied behavior analysis Applied This is the defining characteristic of behavior analysis that focuses on investigating socially significant behaviors with immediate importance to the participant(s). Analytic This is the defining characteristic of applied behavior analysis that demonstrates experimental control over the occurrence and non-occurrence of the behavior. The environment The controlling variables of primary importance in applied behavior analysis are located in Respondent and Operant behavior Two functionally distinct types of bx important to behavior analysis include Temporal locus (response latency and interresponse time) Is considered a property of behavior amenable to measurement Repertoire A _____ denotes a set or collection of knowledge and skills a person has learned that are relevant to particular settings or tasks Antecedent Behavior is affected by stimulus changes that occur prior to and immediately after the behavior. The term _______ refers to environmental conditions or stimulus changes that exist or occur prior to the behavior of interest Respondent A behavior that is elicited by antecedent stimuli and is "brought about" by a stimulus that precedes it is Reinforcement A response is followed by a stimulus change, the effect of which is an increase in the future frequency of behavior. Which type of stimulus-change operation most likely occurred? Punishment A response is followed by a stimulus change, the effect of which is decrease in the future frequency of behavior. Which type of stimulus-change operation most likely occurred? Unconditioned, Conditioned Water is an example of a ______ reinforcer, while money is an example of a _______ reinforcer. Stimulus control Answering the door when you hear the door bell and not when it is silent is an example of behavior being under Discriminated operant a behavior that occurs more frequently under some antecedent conditions than it does in others is called a Motivating operation Food deprivation may alter the momentary effectiveness of food as a reinforcer. Food deprivation is an example of a(n): antecedent, behavior, consequence The three-term contingency is made of these three terms Temporal The term "contingent" as used in behavior analysis refers to the dependent relationship of a particular consequence on the occurrence of behavior and is also used in reference to the _____________ contiguity of behavior and its consequences Respondent __________ behavior is elicited by antecedent stimuli Reflexes Conditioned ________ are the product of respondent conditioning Consequences Operant behavior is selected by its Reinforcement and punishment Operant conditioning encompasses: *Medical evaluations* Interviews Checklists Tests Direct observation All of the following are assessment methods used in applied behavior analysis except: Function Behavior assessment seeks to determine the _______ of a behavior *Ability to conduct statistical analysis of data* Knowledge of socially important behavior Technical skills Ability to match assessment data with intervention strategies All the following are competencies of a behavior analyses of data except Benefit of others Potential target behaviors should not be selected if the primary reason for selection is ... Mentalistic Interview questions should avoid "why" questions because these tend to encourage _______ explanations of behavior. anecdotal observation A descriptive and temporally sequenced account of behavior in the natural environment is called a Relevance The _________ of behavior rule states that a target behavior should only be selected when it can be determined that the behavior will produce natural reinforcement Habilitation The principle of ________ determines the degree to which a person's behavior repertoire maximizes short and long term reinforcers for that individual and for others, and minimizes short and long term punishers. Behavior cusp Behavior that exposes an individual to new contingencies, reinforcers, and stimulus controls is called: Replacement behavior When a problem behavior has been targeted for reduction or elimination, the behavior analyst must always include a(n) ________ in the intervention plan. **Bolting from the playground** Toilet training Flicking his fingers in front of his eyes Humming loudly during group activities Juan is a six-year-old boy with a developmental disability who attends an integrated kindergarten class. Assessments have identified four target behaviors. Which behavior should be the first target for intervention? *Social validity of the behavior* Research on changing the behavior Experience of behavior analyst Available resources In determining the likelihood of success in changing a behavior, all of the following should be considered except *Agreement between assessment and intervention data* Replication by other scientists Comparison of data across studies Accurate and reliable measurement of behavior Explicit behavior definitions are important in research of applied behavior analysis for all of the following except Function-based A(n) ________ definition designates responses in terms of their effect on the environment. Social validity Behaviors have ________ if they affect a person's life in a positive and meaningful manner. *To ensure accurate data collection* To establish the target performance level To know when to terminate intervention To ensure agreement among stakeholders Outcome criteria should be established before intervention commences for all of the following reasons except Unambiguous In order to be understood by everyone, measurement units must be: *Operationalize empiricism* Identify current behavior levels Evaluate treatment Make accurate decisions Practitioners need measurement in order to do all of the following except: Temporal extent The dimensional quantity of duration is described as: Rate _______ is obtained by combining observation time with a tally of the number of occurrences of behavior *Observation* Event recording Time sampling Timing All of the following are procedures of measuring behavior except Event Devices such as wrist counters, masking tape, buttons, and calculators are all useful when using ____________ recording procedures Permanent product The procedure that measures behavior after it has occurred by measuring its effect on the environment is called *Moment-to-moment decisions must be made* The behavior has direct effect on the environment The product can only be produced by the target behavior Each behavior occurrences results in the same product Which of the following is a reason not to use permanent product measurement? Data can be clustered and analyzed easily One advantage of using computer based observation and measurement system is *Collect permanent products* Record multiple behaviors simultaneously Aggregate data easily Analyze data from different perspective Computer-assisted measurement of behavior allows the observer to do all of the following except: Duration You are preparing to observe Jennifer, a 2nd grader student who has difficulty following teacher direction and frequently wanders around the classroom. The target behavior for Jennifer is being out of her seat. What is the most appropriate method for measuring this target behavior? Permanent product Marco is learning to assemble computer components as part of his new job at a factory. Speed and accuracy are critical skills for him to learn in assembling his component. What is the most appropriate method for measuring his behavior?