SPCE 689 SAFMEDS LATEST 2023 WITH CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS

SPCE 689 SAFMEDS LATEST 2023 WITH CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS abative effect a decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is increased in reinforcing effectiveness by the same motivating operation abolishing operation a motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event behavior altering effect an alteration in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is altered in effectiveness by the same motivating operation conditioned motivating operation a motivating operation whose value altering effect depends on a learning history establishing operation a motivating operation that increases the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer evocative effect an increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is increased in reinforcing effectiveness by the same motivation operation function altering effect a relatively permanent change in an organism's repertoire of MO, stimulus, and response relations, caused by reinforcement, punishment, and extinction, procedure, or a recovery from punishment procedure motivating operation an environmental variable that (a) alters the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and (b) alters the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus, object, or event recovery from punishment procedure the occurrence of a previously punished type of response without its punishing consequence. This procedure is analogous to the extinction of previously reinforced behavior and has the effect of undoing the effect of the punishment reflexive conditioned motivating operation A stimulus that acquires MO effectiveness by preceding some form of worsening or improvement. It is exemplified by the warning stimulus in a typical escape-avoidance procedure, which establishes its own offset as reinforcement and evokes all behavior that has accomplished that offset. combinatorial entailment Trained: A > B and B > C Derived: A > C and C < A combinatorial entailment Two or more stimulus relations can mutually combine generalized operant an operant in which the form of the individual responses in the class vary considerably multiple exemplar training Individual is given multiple opportunities to make a response in a given context, the irrelevant features of the task vary across opportunities, but the condition for obtaining reinforcement remains the same mutual entailment Trained: A > B Derived: B < A mutual entailment a relation in one direction between two stimuli (e.g., A to B) entails a relation in the other direction (e.g., B to A) mutual entailment relational frame A generalized pattern of relational responding that is arbitrarily applicable and has the properties of mutual entailment, combinatorial entailment, and transformation of stimulus function relational responding Responding to one stimulus based on its relation to another stimulus or stimuli transformation of stimulus functions The functions a stimulus has for a person can be changed on the basis of how it is related to other stimuli audience a type of controlling variable that is usually a listener in the presence of whom verbal behavior is typically reinforced and that controls a group of response forms copying a text A form of verbal behavior in which the response is writing or printing, the controlling variable is a response-product of previous writing behavior, there is point-to-point correspondence between the controlling variable and the response, and there is formal similarity between the controlling variable and the response-product echoic behavior A form of verbal behavior in which the response is vocal and controlled by a prior auditory stimulus, there is point-to-point correspondence between the stimulus and the response, and there is formal similarity between the stimulus and the response-product establishing operation An environmental change or event that precedes the response to which it is functionally related and increases the effectiveness of a particular stimulus change as reinforcement formal control When a controlling variable evokes a response and there is point-to-point correspondence between the controlling variable and the response formal similarity A relationship between (1) a stimulus that evokes a response and (2) the response-product of that response in which the stimulus and the response-product are both in the same modality and their physical patterns or sequences resemble one another intraverbal A verbal response in which the controlling variable is a verbal stimulus, and there is NO point-to-point correspondence between the stimulus and the response mand a verbal response in which the form of the response is controlled by an establishing operation mediated reinforcement A stimulus change that occurs after a response has been emitted, increases the future probability of that response, and results from the action of another individual point to point correspondence A relationship between a discriminative stimulus and the response it controls in which both the stimulus and response have two or more components and each component of the stimulus controls a specific component of the response response product A stimulus that is the result of someone's behavior tact a verbal response in which the controlling variable is a non-verbal stimulus taking dictation a form of verbal behavior in which the response is writing, the controlling variable is a response product of someone's prior vocal behavior, and there is point-to-point correspondence between the stimulus and the response textual behavior a form of verbal behavior in which the response is vocal, the response is controlled by a prior stimulus that is the response-product of writing behavior, and there is point-to-point correspondence between the stimulus and the response thematic control when a controlling variable evokes a response but there is NO point-to-point correspondence between the controlling variable and the response verbal behavior behavior reinforced through the mediation of another person who has been specifically trained to provide such reinforcement verbal stimulus a physical energy change capable of affecting an organism's sensory receptors that has a specific form or pattern which as a unit has controlling effectiveness and is the result of verbal behavior reinforcer abolishing effect A decrease in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event caused by a motivating operation. reinforcer establishing effect An increase in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event caused by a motivating operation. repertoire altering effect an alteration in the future frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is altered in effectiveness by the same motivating operation surrogate conditioned motivating operation A stimulus that acquires its MO effectiveness by being paired with another MO that has the same value-altering and behavior-altering effects as the MO it with which it was paired. transitive conditioned motivating operation An environmental variable that, as a result of a learning history, establishes (or abolishes) the reinforcing effectiveness of another stimulus and evokes (or abates) the behavior that has been reinforced by that other stimulus. unconditioned motivating operation A motivating operation whose value-altering effect does not depend on a learning history. unpairing Two kinds: (a) the occurrence alone of a stimulus that acquired its function by being paired with an already effective stimulus, or (b) the occurrence of the stimulus in the absence as well as in the presence of the effective stimulus. value altering effect An alteration in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event as a result of a motivating operation.