SPCE 680, exam 1 (2023/2024) 100% Correct

SPCE 680, exam 1 (2023/2024) 100% Correct Changes from DSM-IV to DSM-5 - DSM - 5 abandoned the PDD subtypes from DSM- IV, returning to the earlier notions of autism as a single mental health condition, known as autism spectrum disorder - For a diagnosis of autism, behavior must be impaired in two, instead of three, ways. - Restricted and repetative behavior remains and essential element in the diagnostic criteria. However, sensory behaviors are now included as one of the most common forms of RRBs - Diagnostic criteria for ASD are now supplemented by descriptors, concerning the severity of the criterial impairments or anomalies and the presence of any specifiers - Delayed or impaired language is listed as a possible specifier - Behaviors essential for a diagnosis of ASD may not be 'become fully manifest' and cause for concern until 'demands exceed limited capacities' - A new category was created, social communication disorder Reasons the Autism Subtypes in favor of a Spectrum - Fuzzy boundaries: it proved difficult in practice to make unambiguous distinctions between the subtypes of autism - Diagnostic instability: individuals change- they show improvement and they regress The term ___________________ increasingly commonly used from the 1990s onward. autism spectrum Why add descriptors? - facilitate the development of appropriate, individualized treatment plans - make diagnostic criteria broad enough to encompass the whole range of people with autism related behavior Why change the status of impaired language? Since impaired language is not invariably present in people with ASD, it was listed as a specifier rather then put it under the umbrella of socio-communicative impairment Why allow for late diagnosis? greater recognition of mild forms of ASD occurring in able individuals who compensate well and who 'get by' socially - at least until some life event brings their autism related problems under the spotlight. social communication disorder Persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication Groups who objected to the changes in the DSM 5 - people with an existing subtype diagnosis and their families - professionals involved in work relating to autism, including clinicians with responsibility for diagnosis, and also some researchers Wing's four types of autism related social behavior 1. aloof: behave as if other people did not exist 2. passive: accept social approaches but do not initiate social interaction 3. active but odd: make social approaches to other people, but do so in a peculiar, one sided fashion 4. overly formal, stilted: try very hard to behave well and cope by sticking to the rules of social interaction According to Hans Asperger, children with autistic psychopathy may present with __________________ . (A)motor clumsiness. (B) limited or inappropriate non-verbal communciation. (C)all-absorbing, narrow interests, often to the exclusion of other activities. (D)all the above. (D)all the above. By the 1970's, which of the following theories about Autism Spectrum Disorder was disproved? A(Autism is a form of psychosis) B (Autism is a medical condition) C (There are over 10 subtypes of autism) D (Autism is a form of neurosis) D (Autism is a form of neurosis) Creak's 'Nine Points' is a list of diagnostic criteria for ____ Schizophrenia In the early years, what mental disorder was often diagnosed instead of autism? Schizophrenia Infantile autism (as it was called then) was formally recognized as a distinct condition in 1980 by which diagnostic nominclature? DSM ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ) Neurosis is _____________ . A (a term that in the past was used to characterize ASD) B (a personality or mental disturbance not resulting from any known biological cause) C (a neurodegenerative disease that presents with stiffening of the muscles). D(Both A and B) D(Both A and B) When did Han Asperger's work become well known in English speaking countries? 1980s When was Autism Spectrum Disorder first recognized as a distinct condition? mid 1900s Which of the following is in the Creak's Nine Points diagnostic list for schizophrenia? Gross and sustained impairment of emotional relationships Lack of eye contact Hyperacusis (sensitivity to loud acoustic stimuli) Craniofacial anomalies Gross and sustained impairment of emotional relationships 20th Autism not recognized as a condition until the mid ____th century (1940's-1950's) imbeciles, feeble minded less able were called loners, eccentrics more able people were called feral children survived from 18th century and were abandoned by parents and survived in the wild. ex: wild boy of Aveyron: never learned language and not responsive to humans Leo Kanner first identified autism - american psychiatrist - published paper about autism in 1943 - paper immediately influential in english speaking countries Hans Asperger published paper 1 year later about autism - similarities and differences in Kanner's paper - paper not recognized by english speaking researchers for 40 years and not available in english until 1991 1950's the year more children were brought to Dr.'s w/ being socially withdrawn, delayed/absent language and other behaviors neurosis psychoanalysts and psychotherapists concluded that autism was a form of _________. 1970's by the _____ the theory that autism was a form of neurosis was disproved schizophrenia psychiatrists thought odd behaviors of young children with autism were early signs of _______________. Dr. Creak created creak's 9 points to diagnose childhood schizophrenia 1971 the year the first journal was written Rutter (UK) , Ritvo and Freeman (US) developed the first diagnostic criteria for Autism DSM covers only mental disorders used in the states and by researchers in english speaking countries ICD covers all forms of diseases and used world wide - system of choice in UK 1981 wing: published a paper on Asperger's syndrome According to Hans Asperger, children with autistic psychopathy may present with __________________ . (A)motor clumsiness. (B) limited or inappropriate non-verbal communciation. (C)all-absorbing, narrow interests, often to the exclusion of other activities. (D)all the above. (D)all the above. By the 1970's, which of the following theories about Autism Spectrum Disorder was disproved? A(Autism is a form of psychosis) B (Autism is a medical condition) C (There are over 10 subtypes of autism) D (Autism is a form of neurosis) D (Autism is a form of neurosis) Creak's 'Nine Points' is a list of diagnostic criteria for ____ Schizophrenia In the early years, what mental disorder was often diagnosed instead of autism? Schizophrenia Infantile autism (as it was called then) was formally recognized as a distinct condition in 1980 by which diagnostic nominclature? DSM ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ) Neurosis is _____________ . A (a term that in the past was used to characterize ASD) B (a personality or mental disturbance not resulting from any known biological cause) C (a neurodegenerative disease that presents with stiffening of the muscles). D(Both A and B) D(Both A and B) When did Han Asperger's work become well known in English speaking countries? 1980s When was Autism Spectrum Disorder first recognized as a distinct condition? mid 1900s Which of the following is in the Creak's Nine Points diagnostic list for schizophrenia? Gross and sustained impairment of emotional relationships Lack of eye contact Hyperacusis (sensitivity to loud acoustic stimuli) Craniofacial anomalies Gross and sustained impairment of emotional relationships Diagnostic criteria for ASD are now supplemented by __ Descriptors If a person is part of the aloof group, which would be one of their behaviors? Ask repetitive questions. Cut off from others. Act as though others don't exist. Try hard to behave well. Act as though others don't exist. Self-stimulatory and stereotypic movements include all the behaviors below except for ________________ . rocking screaming biting hand flapping screaming Terms previously used when referencing autism include all except which of the following: Childhood schizophrenia/psychosis Cognitive disorder Pervasive developmental disorders Early childhood/infantile autism Cognitive disorder The term dissociable is used when referring to the ability to ____communication and language separate What was the major problem with the concept of autism subtypes? Autism was presented as a complex behavior condition. It proved difficult in practice to make unambiguous distinctions between them. There were longer diagnostic criteria to differentiate ASD from other disorders. It became too difficult for researchers to conduct studies. It proved difficult in practice to make unambiguous distinctions between them. Communication difficulties are often not noticed until ______ child starts school true/false: The quiet is not one of the Wing's four types of autism-related social behavior true Which of the following is not a change from the DSM-IV to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria? Delayed and impaired language is listed as a possible specifier. Restricted and repetitive behavior is no longer seen as an essential element. Restricted and repetitive behavior is no longer seen as an essential element.