Exam Topics - ADVANCED HIGHER GRAPHICS Questions With Complete Solutions

WHAT IS CFD (COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS) correct answer: To predict how a 3D model would pass through a liquid or a gas Provides architects with info on placement of pictures and general layout of a building WHAT IS SPOT LIGHTING correct answer: Does not target objects Used to simulate light fixtures Cast a focused ray of light WHAT IS AMBIENT LIGHTING correct answer: Casts soft rays in every direction Has no directionality Emits no shadow on ground When rays past through windows they hit and reflect walls and shatters in all directions WHAT IS SPECULARITY correct answer: Reflective capacity of material to create rings of light reflection WHAT IS POINT/OMNI LIGHTING correct answer: Casts rays in every direction from a single small source Adds a 'fill light' to a 3D scene Can simulate any light source WHAT IS DIRECTIONAL LIGHTING correct answer: Distant source of light The rays of light are directed parallel in a single single direction Simulates sunlight most of the time WHAT IS VOLUME LIGHTING correct answer: Casts rays in all directions form a certain point Has a specific shape Illuminates only surface within the set volume Provides effect of FOG, SMOKE ETC WHAT ARE KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF FEA (FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS) correct answer: Numerical simulation for testing the failure produced, opposed to destructed Cost effective Offers ease of altering a product with re-manufacturinh Reduces lead time to manufacture WHAT CAN BE FOUND IN CFD TESTING correct answer: Simulates heat flows Identifying locations of radiators Identifying air flow/fresh air, air conditioning Identifying where noise may travel WHAT IS DISPLACEMENT MAPPING correct answer: Using texture or height map to cause an effect where geometric position points over texture are displaced. It gives surface a greater sense of depth and an actual surface relief PROPERTIES OF DISPLACEMENT MAPS correct answer: It can cast/receive shadows Can be seen if you silhouette the mapped objects Long renders WHAT IS TEXTURE MAPPING correct answer: The application of a 2D image or colour to a 3D object surface PROPERTIES OF TEXTURE MAPS correct answer: Does not show depth of colour It is shown in plain colour WHAT IS BUMP MAPPING correct answer: The greyscale texture you map to objects to create illusion of surface relief on a flat surface PROPERTIES OF BUMP MAPPING correct answer: Cannot cast/receive shadows Cannot be seen if you silhouette the mapped objects Fast renders WHAT IS DXF (DIRECT EXCHANGE FORMAT) correct answer: Compatible with other computer applications Used for 2D Manufacturing such as PLASMA CUTTING, LASER CUTTING, CNC MACHINING WHAT IS STL correct answer: It describes only surface geometry of a 3D object without colour, texture etc Used by most additive manufacturing such as 3D PRINTING, RAPID PROTOTYPING, CAM WHAT IS VRML (CIRTUAL REALITY MODELLING LANGUAGE) correct answer: Language to describe 3D image sequences and possible interactions to go with them It builds a sequence of visual images into web settings which users interact by moving and rotating with a 3D scene WHAT IS STEP correct answer: It is compatible with most CAD systems Materials are not saved in this format It is used to share 3D models between users that use different CAD systems this solves compatibility issues when different software packages are used WHAT DOES A CONFORMITY ENGINEER DO? correct answer: Figure out the problems of a product if there are any WHAT MAKES A GRAPHIC A 'CAMERA READY COPY' correct answer: Must be exported by common format (PDF/EPS) Must be in colour space that is getting printed in Layout must be the final size to be printed If graphic is to bleed, best be extended outside the boundary line Fonts must be vector graphics Raster or Image files are to be in high resolution WHAT ARE TOPOLOGICAL SURVEYS correct answer: Maps containing details of the land and features on it. WHAT FEATURES ON A TOPOLOGICAL SURVEY correct answer: Contours Trees, rocks and waterways, walls etc WHAT IS GAINED FROM A TOPOLOGICAL SURVEY correct answer: It can be used in the construction for the planning and building WHAT IS STOP FRAME/MOTION ANIMATION correct answer: Objects are moved in small paces to create illusion of movement when all pictures are played ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF STOP FRAME/MOTION correct answer: Numerous software packages Easy to use and produce animations Cost of production is cheap Time consuming WHAT IS MOTION CAPTURE ANIMATION correct answer: Recording movement and actions of an object and/or people to replicate a digital character in 2D/3D animations DISAVANTAGES OF MOTION CAPTURE correct answer: Complex process Requires expensive equipment and special software Can only recreate human abilities Huge amount of data to process for the animation WHAT IS MOTION TWEENING correct answer: Generating intermediate frames between 2 images that appears to look like they are evolving into each other. Common software used is ADOBE DISADVANTAGES OF MOTION TWEENING correct answer: Expensive software Can be difficult to be produce due to complex paths ADVANTAGES OF MOTION CAPTURE correct answer: High level realism Movement captured is accurate The data/images can be also used for promotional WHAT IS HDRI correct answer: Creating multiple exposures of an image to enhance colour and shadow ADVANTAGES OF MOTION TWEENING correct answer: Many frames can be animated quickly WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A DRAINAGE SURVEY correct answer: Ensuring sufficient drainage in surrounding land. Evaluating drainage direction, flow capacity, flood risk, flood plains, and neighbouring waterways WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF AN UNDERGROUND SURVEY correct answer: Evaluating the makeup of land n terms of geology, soil compositions/mechanics, depth of bedrock, previous use, water tables and mined areas WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A FEATURE SURVEY correct answer: To establish and evaluate location of hard standings (pavements), lighting, seating ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD STORAGE correct answer: Ease of collab work when working in a team Potentially available on demand Many staff can collab at the same time Can be accessed remotely Use with mobile devices No limit on file size - internal storage of computer can result in file limitations WHAT IS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS correct answer: Protects reputation of company ADVANTAGES OF VRML OVER GRAPHIC MEDIA FILES correct answer: - Allows user to interact with the website - It is a more visual graphic that a tactic 2D graphic i.e.. JPEG - Allows the user to view inside of the workshop as a virtual experience - Lets the user navigate the 3D model/environment using the keyboard and/or mouse WHAT TYPE OF COLOUR MODEL IS RGB correct answer: Additive WHAT IS RGB USED ON correct answer: Electronic displays such as computer monitors WHAT TYPE OF COLOUR MODEL IS CMYK correct answer: Subtractive WHAT IS CMYK USED FOR correct answer: Printing ISSUES WITH THE CONVERSION OF RGB TO CMYK correct answer: Many colours on monitor in RGB cannot be accurately be produced using CMYK CMYK colour space is smaller than RGB colour space WHAT IS A BUILDING SURVEYOR correct answer: Measures sites and buildings to give and accurate representation of existing sites and structures Also can investigate the structural condition and fabric of an existing building WHAT IS A QUANTITY SURVEYOR correct answer: They calculate the amount of materials needed for building work, and how much they will cost. HOW DOES OFFSET LITHOGRAPHY WORK correct answer: Graphic is transferred to aluminium plate which is then copied onto a rubber roller and dampened. Paper is then loaded into the machine and goes through rubber blankets to the impression cylinder to receive ink and then moved into the next set of colours of the CMYK STAGES OF THE CADCAM CYCLE correct answer: 1. CAM design modelling 2. CAM programming 3 Post processing 4. CNC machining ADVANTAGES OF CADCAM SIMULATION correct answer: - Reduces lead times, as all decisions about set-up are determined before manufacture - Reduces waste as most errors can be rectified on the virtual model - Reduces time taken to manufacture the part as tool paths and clearance distances can be optimised for maximum efficiency - Optimises size of the part prior to milling, reducing the amount of material required WHAT IS DISSOLVE correct answer: A transition effect in which one video clip (or one image) is gradually fads out while another image simultaneously replaces the original one. WHAT IS FADE/BLEND correct answer: A transition effect when a film/animation dissolves from one scene to another.