SPECIFICATION RELATED SUB-TOPIC QUESTIONS
1. Describe the nature of a gene.
2. Explain how genes code for polypeptides.
1. Distinguish between the DNA of a eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell.
2. Describe the structure and function of a chromosome
3. Explain how genes are arranged on a DNA molecule.
4. Describe the nature of homologous chromosomes.
5. Explain what is meant by an allele.
1. Describe what the genetic code is and its main functions.
2. Describe the structure of ribonucleic acid (RNA)
3. Describe the structure and role of messenger RNA (mRNA)
4. Describe the structure and role of transfer RNA (tRNA)
1. Explain how pre-messenger RNA is produced from RNA in the process of
transcription.
2. Describe how pre-messenger RNA is modified to form messenger RNA.
1. Explain how a polypeptide is synthesised during the process of translation.
2. Describe the roles of mRNA and tRNA in the process of translation.
1. Describe gene mutations.
2. Explain how deletion and substitution of bases result in different amino acid
sequences in polypeptides.
3. Explain why some mutations do not result in a changed amino acid sequence.
4. Describe what chromosome mutations are.
1. Describe the process of meiosis
2. Describe why meiosis is necessary
3. Explain how meiosis creates genetic variation.
1. Explain why organisms are different from one another.
2. Describe the factors that influence genetic diversity.
3. Explain how genetic diversity enables natural selection.
4. Explain how reproductive success affects allele frequencies within a gene pool.
1. Describe what selection is.
2. Explain what stabilising and directional selection are.
3. Describe the environmental factors which exert selection pressure.
1. Explain how classification is related to evolution.
2. Explain the principles of classification.
3. Explain how courtship is a precursor to mating.
4. Outline how species are named.
5. Explain the concept of species.
1. Describe what we understand by species diversity.
2. Explain how a diversity index is used as a measure of species diversity.
1. Describe the impact of agriculture on species diversity.
2. Explain the balance between conservation and farming.
1. Describe the nature of a gene.
2. Explain how genes code for polypeptides.
1. Distinguish between the DNA of a eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell.
2. Describe the structure and function of a chromosome
3. Explain how genes are arranged on a DNA molecule.
4. Describe the nature of homologous chromosomes.
5. Explain what is meant by an allele.
1. Describe what the genetic code is and its main functions.
2. Describe the structure of ribonucleic acid (RNA)
3. Describe the structure and role of messenger RNA (mRNA)
4. Describe the structure and role of transfer RNA (tRNA)
1. Explain how pre-messenger RNA is produced from RNA in the process of
transcription.
2. Describe how pre-messenger RNA is modified to form messenger RNA.
1. Explain how a polypeptide is synthesised during the process of translation.
2. Describe the roles of mRNA and tRNA in the process of translation.
1. Describe gene mutations.
2. Explain how deletion and substitution of bases result in different amino acid
sequences in polypeptides.
3. Explain why some mutations do not result in a changed amino acid sequence.
4. Describe what chromosome mutations are.
1. Describe the process of meiosis
2. Describe why meiosis is necessary
3. Explain how meiosis creates genetic variation.
1. Explain why organisms are different from one another.
2. Describe the factors that influence genetic diversity.
3. Explain how genetic diversity enables natural selection.
4. Explain how reproductive success affects allele frequencies within a gene pool.
1. Describe what selection is.
2. Explain what stabilising and directional selection are.
3. Describe the environmental factors which exert selection pressure.
1. Explain how classification is related to evolution.
2. Explain the principles of classification.
3. Explain how courtship is a precursor to mating.
4. Outline how species are named.
5. Explain the concept of species.
1. Describe what we understand by species diversity.
2. Explain how a diversity index is used as a measure of species diversity.
1. Describe the impact of agriculture on species diversity.
2. Explain the balance between conservation and farming.
