Pathophysiology VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2023//2024

Pathophysiology VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2023//2024 Which condition is also known as hypoventilation syndrome? 1. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) 2. Bronchiectasis 3. Pneumocystis jiroveci infection 4. Pulmonary hypertension - ANSWER 1. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) OSA, also called hypoventilation syndrome, is characterized by - ANSWER intermittent cessation of airflow from the nose and mouth during sleep. Bronchiectasis is considered to be an - ANSWER uncommon disease. The disease is an outcome of untreated infections that lead to - ANSWER chronic inflammation and dilatation of the bronchi. A Pneumocystis jiroveci infection is associated with - ANSWER emphysematous changes in the lungs in an individual who has AIDS. Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by - ANSWER abnormally high pressure in the pulmonary arteries. What is a clot that has traveled to the pulmonary arterial circulation and caused obstruction of the arterial blood flow through the lungs known as? 1. Pulmonary edema 2. Pulmonary embolism 3. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 4. Pleural effusion - ANSWER 2. Pulmonary embolism Pulmonary edema is the - ANSWER accumulation of fluid around the alveoli that inhibits oxygen transfer at the alveolar-capillary interface. Pulmonary embolism is a condition where - ANSWER a clot has traveled to the pulmonary arterial circulation and caused obstruction of the arterial blood flow through the lungs. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a - ANSWER restrictive lung disease caused by the repeated injury of the lung tissue by an unidentified agent. Pleural effusion is a condition that is characterized by - ANSWER the accumulation of fluid within the pleural space. Which lung condition is common in clients with a genetic disorder such as Marfan syndrome as well as frequent smokers? 1. Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax 2. Traumatic pneumothorax 3. Tension pneumothorax 4. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax - ANSWER Primary spontaneous pneumothorax Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax is an underlying pathological process that occurs in the - ANSWER lungs. Traumatic pneumothorax is commonly caused by - ANSWER a penetrating wound of the thoracic cage and underlying pleural membrane. Tension pneumothorax occurs in a case of - ANSWER escalating build-up of air within the pleural cavity that compresses the lungs, bronchioles, cardiac structures, and vena cava. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is a common finding in people who have - ANSWER Marfan syndrome, which is a genetic disorder. Tension pneumothorax also commonly occurs in - ANSWER frequent smokers. A primary health-care provider finds that a client is suffering from symptoms such as jugular venous distension, ascites, hepatomegaly, and ankle or sacral edema. What condition does the health-care provider interpret from this situation? 1. Pulmonary hypertension 2. Cor pulmonale 3. Asthma 4. Chronic hypoxia - ANSWER 2. Cor pulmonale Pulmonary hypertension is defined by - ANSWER abnormally high pressure within the pulmonary arteries Pulmonary hypertension is caused either due to an abnormal structure of the - ANSWER blood vessels, or by an increase in the pulmonary venous pressure. Failure of the right side of the heart is caused by a pulmonary disorder known as - ANSWER cor pulmonale. Asthma has the symptoms of - ANSWER wheezing, coughing, dyspnea, and chest tightness. Chronic hypoxia involves symptoms such as - ANSWER dyspnea and erythropoietin secretion by the kidneys. A nurse suspects a client may have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). What should the nurse utilize as a diagnostic tool to diagnose OSA? 1. Chest x-ray 2. CT scan 3. Ultrasound 4. Polysomnography - ANSWER Polysomnography A chest x-ray is used for the diagnosis of - ANSWER pleural effusion, pneumothorax, coal worker's pneumoconiosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and several other lung