UCSB ANTH 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Lectures Week 6-10
Week 6: Water Cultures
Water is considered Holy
● Water connects all living beings and establishes common origin for all living things
● Water is considerate sacred and symbolizes sustenance
Social Structure and Hierarchy
● Every social unit such as village or community , has its own template
Shared Water Source
● The irrigation system in Bali is fed by rivers that come from the lakes . everyone supply
of water is dependent on this lake
● The river supplies water to irrigation canal that distribute it to the Sahwah
Sawah and Subak
● Sawah: irrigated rice terraces , requires sophisticated system of water management
● Subak: traditional Balinese organization of farmers who share a local irrigation
infrastructure. They collaborate to manage the canals and water distribution efficiently
Water Temples and Agricultural Coordination
● Water temples are central to the infrastructure that supports Subaks, they are centers for
organizing and coordinating agricultural activities
● Rice crop does not grow at same time , and some may or may not need water, so this
requires coordination
● Wet and dry cycles are crucial for pest control ( remember the Subaks coordinate this )
Hydrological Interdependency and Social Organization
● Water resources are limited and must be shared
● There's never enough water for everyone to use at the same time, this is why we have
Subaks to manage the diversion dams
● Water temples facilitate this coordination , they create and maintain social structures by
organizing people around water and agriculture practices , this makes the temples
sociogenic
Functions of Water Temples
● Set cropping patterns and irrigation schedules : Water temples help determine when and
where water will be distributed , ensuring that all areas get the necessary supply at the
right time
● Regular agricultural meetings: once a year, farmers discuss and plan their activities,
ensuring that water distribution aligns with agricultural needs
● Regular ceremonies :Held twice a year , these ceremonies reinforce the spiritual and
communal bonds among the farmers, reminding them of their shared heritage and mutual
responsibilities
,WATER TEMPLES DO NOT DIRECTLY CONTROL OR OPERATE IRRIGATION
SYSTEMS< INSTEAD THEY PROVIDE SPIRITUAL GUIDANCE AND SERVE AS
ORGANIZATIONAL CENTERS
Spiritual Significance
● Water temples are considerate home of spiritual ancestors
Religion Guest Speaker
Main Argument: Secular people have a tradition similar to religious ones.
The 3 B’s that most people follow: they believe, they behave, and they belong.
Beliefs:
● Secular folks rely on science, rejecting scripture and divine revelation.
● They believe in finitude and materialism.
Community:
● Secular groups do various things like activism and pastoral care.
● National bodies support local groups with finances and legal matters.
Rituals:
● Secular folks have ceremonies like weddings and memorials, but with a secular twist.
Paradox:
● Secularism is both not religious and kind of religious, making secular identity complex.
Religion
Ideal or Material
● Ideal aspect : religion encompasses spiritual beliefs, moral values, and rituals that guide
individuals lives
● Material aspect : religion involves tangible expressions
Combined: Influences and is influenced by social, economic, and political contexts.
Religion and Social Change
, ● Conservative Force: Maintains the status quo.
● Revolutionary Force: Drives social change.
○ Examples: Christianity and abolition of slavery, Hinduism and Indian
independence, Islam and social justice movements.
Religion Seems Ancient; Is It?
● Ancient Origins: Many religious traditions have long histories.
● Dynamic Nature: Constantly evolving to adapt to new contexts.
● New Movements: Continual emergence of new religious movements.
Revitalization Movements
Social Change
● Arise in response to crises (colonization, economic hardship, cultural disintegration).
● Aim to transform society and restore/create a new cultural order.
Search for a New Order
● Blend traditional beliefs with new ideologies.
● Offer a vision of hope and renewal.
Charismatic Leader
● Central figure perceived as a prophet or savior.
● Unifies and inspires followers.
Deep Changes Called For
● Advocate for profound societal changes.
● Emphasize returning to traditional values or overhauling existing structures.
Cargo Cults
Great Magical Value Assigned to Euroamerican Goods
● Indigenous people in Melanesia believed Western goods had magical or divine qualities.
Syncretism
● Blend of traditional beliefs and new elements.
○ Resurrection: Revitalizing traditional practices and beliefs.
Lectures Week 6-10
Week 6: Water Cultures
Water is considered Holy
● Water connects all living beings and establishes common origin for all living things
● Water is considerate sacred and symbolizes sustenance
Social Structure and Hierarchy
● Every social unit such as village or community , has its own template
Shared Water Source
● The irrigation system in Bali is fed by rivers that come from the lakes . everyone supply
of water is dependent on this lake
● The river supplies water to irrigation canal that distribute it to the Sahwah
Sawah and Subak
● Sawah: irrigated rice terraces , requires sophisticated system of water management
● Subak: traditional Balinese organization of farmers who share a local irrigation
infrastructure. They collaborate to manage the canals and water distribution efficiently
Water Temples and Agricultural Coordination
● Water temples are central to the infrastructure that supports Subaks, they are centers for
organizing and coordinating agricultural activities
● Rice crop does not grow at same time , and some may or may not need water, so this
requires coordination
● Wet and dry cycles are crucial for pest control ( remember the Subaks coordinate this )
Hydrological Interdependency and Social Organization
● Water resources are limited and must be shared
● There's never enough water for everyone to use at the same time, this is why we have
Subaks to manage the diversion dams
● Water temples facilitate this coordination , they create and maintain social structures by
organizing people around water and agriculture practices , this makes the temples
sociogenic
Functions of Water Temples
● Set cropping patterns and irrigation schedules : Water temples help determine when and
where water will be distributed , ensuring that all areas get the necessary supply at the
right time
● Regular agricultural meetings: once a year, farmers discuss and plan their activities,
ensuring that water distribution aligns with agricultural needs
● Regular ceremonies :Held twice a year , these ceremonies reinforce the spiritual and
communal bonds among the farmers, reminding them of their shared heritage and mutual
responsibilities
,WATER TEMPLES DO NOT DIRECTLY CONTROL OR OPERATE IRRIGATION
SYSTEMS< INSTEAD THEY PROVIDE SPIRITUAL GUIDANCE AND SERVE AS
ORGANIZATIONAL CENTERS
Spiritual Significance
● Water temples are considerate home of spiritual ancestors
Religion Guest Speaker
Main Argument: Secular people have a tradition similar to religious ones.
The 3 B’s that most people follow: they believe, they behave, and they belong.
Beliefs:
● Secular folks rely on science, rejecting scripture and divine revelation.
● They believe in finitude and materialism.
Community:
● Secular groups do various things like activism and pastoral care.
● National bodies support local groups with finances and legal matters.
Rituals:
● Secular folks have ceremonies like weddings and memorials, but with a secular twist.
Paradox:
● Secularism is both not religious and kind of religious, making secular identity complex.
Religion
Ideal or Material
● Ideal aspect : religion encompasses spiritual beliefs, moral values, and rituals that guide
individuals lives
● Material aspect : religion involves tangible expressions
Combined: Influences and is influenced by social, economic, and political contexts.
Religion and Social Change
, ● Conservative Force: Maintains the status quo.
● Revolutionary Force: Drives social change.
○ Examples: Christianity and abolition of slavery, Hinduism and Indian
independence, Islam and social justice movements.
Religion Seems Ancient; Is It?
● Ancient Origins: Many religious traditions have long histories.
● Dynamic Nature: Constantly evolving to adapt to new contexts.
● New Movements: Continual emergence of new religious movements.
Revitalization Movements
Social Change
● Arise in response to crises (colonization, economic hardship, cultural disintegration).
● Aim to transform society and restore/create a new cultural order.
Search for a New Order
● Blend traditional beliefs with new ideologies.
● Offer a vision of hope and renewal.
Charismatic Leader
● Central figure perceived as a prophet or savior.
● Unifies and inspires followers.
Deep Changes Called For
● Advocate for profound societal changes.
● Emphasize returning to traditional values or overhauling existing structures.
Cargo Cults
Great Magical Value Assigned to Euroamerican Goods
● Indigenous people in Melanesia believed Western goods had magical or divine qualities.
Syncretism
● Blend of traditional beliefs and new elements.
○ Resurrection: Revitalizing traditional practices and beliefs.
