ESL Praxis 5362 (2023/2024) Already Graded A

ESL Praxis 5362 (2023/2024) Already Graded A collocations A familiar grouping of words that habitually appear together and thereby convey meaning by association. Ex: to feel free, make the bed, do the homework. synonym comparison using like or as. Strong as a lion. homophones Two words sound the same but have different spellings and meanings. New and knew, heir and air. Idioms a group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words. Rub someone the wrong way, jump the gun, raining cats and dogs. Cognates Words that look like what they are. Explain and explanar. Abandon and abandonar. pragmatics The study of how context impacts the interpretation of language; situations dictate language choice, body language, degree of intimacy, and how meaning is interpreted. implications of pragmatics Students understand how to survive culturally/learn appropriate behavior to interact with others pragmatic failure Likely to occur when speakers inappropriately transfer speech act strategies from their mother tongue to the target language. Also when speakers inappropriately transfer structures which are semantically/syntactically equivalent. Intended meaning "Do you want some coffee?" "Coffee will keep me awake" Does the person want to stay awake or not? Depends on context. Syntax The study of how phrases, clauses, and sentences are constructed and combined in particular languages. Morphology Refers to the process of how words of a language are formed to create meaningful message. Sociolinguistics The study of how social conditions influence the use of language. Social factors such as ethnicity, religion, gender, status, age, and education all play a role in how individuals use a language. sociolinguistic failure Leads to communicatvie failures. Originates from different cross-cultural evaluatiosn of what is appropriate language use. Asking someone their income, religion, age, or political beliefs. Schumann's social distance Social and psychological distance influence L2 acquisition by determining the amount of contact the learners have with the target language and the degree to which they are open to the input that is available to them. World English A term increasingly used to refer to English, which dominates many aspects of the political and economic progress of the world. What is communicative competence? A speaker's knowledge of how to use language to communicate with others and how to understand their utterances. User's ability to employ the elements of language to communicate. (Grammar, vocab, social knowledge). Sociolinguistic competence Having awareness of social rules of language (formality, politeness, directness). Nonverbal behaviors, cultural references Strategic competence The ability to use techniques to overcome language gaps, plan and assess the effectiveness of communication, achieve conversational fluency, modify text for audience and purpose Discourse competence Understanding how ideas connected through: patterns of organization, cohesive and transitional devices Grammatical/linguistic competence Understanding and using vocabulary, language conventions (grammar, punctuation, spelling) syntax (sentence