Special Education Praxis (5543) Rated A+

Special Education Praxis (5543) Rated A+ Accommodations the information is the same, just taught in different ways Modifications changes the curriculum, standards and or information being taught Fluid intelligence the ability to solve new problems, use logic in new situations, and identify patterns (street smart) Crystallized intelligence the ability to retain and use knowledge that was acquired through experience (increases with age/experience) Self-concept our individual overall beliefs and evaluations of ourselves Self-efficacy An individual's belief that he or she is capable of succeeding in a specific situation Deductive reasoning general principle to specific facts/situations Inductive reasoning specific facts/situations to general principles Discovery instruction students discover information with little assistance (imagination play) Performance approach oriented goals to show others that they can perform well Performance avoidance oriented goals to avoid failure in front of others Mastery approach oriented goals to gain knowledge and understanding Mastery avoidance oriented goals to avoid misunderstanding Reliability consistency of measurement (can the same results be reproduced under the same conditions) Validity accuracy of measurement (did the results represent what they were really supposed to measure) test-retest reliability using the same test on two occasions to measure consistency parallel forms reliability consistency between/among alternate versions of the same instrument Good reliability Close to zero Inter-ratter Reliability agreement of data collection from test administrators "raters" internal consistency reliability reliability of the test consistently measuring what it was intended to measure SMART goals Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 1990 special education law requiring accommodations in least restrictive environment, this is a revised version of Education of Handicapped Act (EHA) Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA) 1975 mandated FAPE for special education Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) neurological and developmental disability (may lack communication, eye contact, socializing) Categories of Disabilities 13 Specific Learning Disability (SLD) Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, Dyscalculia, Auditory processing disorder, Nonverbal learning disability Learning objectives Performance- what you want them to do conditions- how you want them to do it criteria- expectations of accuracy positive reinforcement adding something to increase behavior negative reinforcement removing something to increase behavior positive punishment adding something to decrease behavior negative punishment removing something to decrease behavior pre-conventional morality before age 9; obey rules to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards. conventional morality obeys laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order post conventional morality actions reflect belief in basic rights and self-defined ethical principles norm-referenced tests Tests where a student's performance is compared to a norm group (usually the students that are in the same grade) to determine high and low achievers criterion-referenced test test where student's performances are compared to a specific curriculum standard. Diagnostic Assessment pre-test to find out students level of knowledge on topic Formative Assessment monitors understanding during learning to plan/modify instruction as they continue (clicker questions, kahoot, discussion, reflection, surveys) Summative Assessment testing after instruction to assess achievement (standardized testing, final projects/essays with criteria) Special education process Pre-referral Referral Evaluation Eligibility IEP Placement Instruction Annual Review Pre-referral process Stage 1: Initial concern Stage 2: Information gathering Stage 3: team discussion Stage 4: possible strategies. Stage 5: Implementation and monitoring of strategies Stage 6: Evaluation and decision making Assistive Technology Act law passed in 1998 and reauthorized in 2004 Handicapped Children's Protection Act (HCPA) 1986 created after Smith vs. Robinson case to cover rights that the EHA did not abstract thinking understanding hypothetical concepts that may not be tangible (love, freedom) systematic thinking approaches problems in a rational, step-by-step, and analytical fashion critical thinking actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, ect. as a guide to belief and action Median Middle number mode number repeated most often parallel teaching same info taught at same time in different groups complementary teaching Lead teacher presents group lesson to class and support teacher pulls a small group for instruction alternative teaching one teacher instructs most of the class and provides enrichment lessons shared teaching both teachers deliver lesson together to whole class antecedent, behavior, consequence abc observation form behavior observation of students in schools boss form ecological assessment form that assesses child's environment woodcock johnson measures academic achievement Wechsler Individual Achievement test (WIAT) measures academic achievement Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) Early intervention 0-3. focuses more on developmental needs Down Syndrome disability cause by extra chromosome on 21st, causes developmental and intellectual delays Exclusion method one on one educational services outside of the classroom (helps with specific learning disability) kinestetic movement tactile touch Resource Specialist Program RSP executive functioning memory, flexible thinking and self-control Bloom's Taxonomy Evaluation (every) synthesis (silly) analysis (asss) application (actor) comprehension (cant) knowledge (know) Glasser's Reality model model that focuses on the choices you make Special Day class SDC homogeneous group group of students with similar abilities Functional cirriculum social skills RTI tier 1 whole class RTI tier 2 small group intervention RTI tier 3 one on one intervention No Child Left Behind Act (2001) Required students to complete standardized testing to measure their progress Every Student Succeeds Act (2015) An updated version of no child left behind, still does standardized testing but gives support to special education students as well 504 plan accommodation plan for students with disabilities who don't qualify for special education services Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) 1990 Protects individuals with disabilities from being discriminated against in several areas of their lives PL 94-142 First federal law requiring schools to educate students with disabilities (Education of All Handicapped Children Act of 1975) fine motor skills small muscle movements (fingers grabbing) gross motor skills large muscle movements. (crawling, walking)