TNCC - 7th Ed. - Chapter 6 - Airway and Ventilation

The upper airway is composed of: - Answer Nose Mouth Pharynx Larynx Epiglottis Trachea The lower airway is composed of: - Answer Bronchi Lungs What is the functional unit of the pulmonary system? - Answer Alveolus Which nerve is the olfactory nerve? - Answer Cranial Nerve I The blood supply to the nose originates from the ___. - Answer Internal and external carotid arteries The ___ is the primary passageway for air into the lungs. - Answer Nose The ___ is the secondary passageway for inhaled air into the lungs. - Answer Mouth The ___ is the most heavily innervated sensory structure in the body. - Answer Larynx The ___ serves as the primary parasympathetic nerve. - Answer Vagus Nerve - Cranial Nerve X Stimulation of the larynx during intubation can activate the parasympathetic nervous system, causing ___. - Answer Bradycardia, bronchial vasoconstriction and increased ICP. The trachea is innervated by the ___ nerve. - Answer Vagus The bronchi and bronchioles conduct atmospheric air to the ___, where gas exchange takes place. - Answer Alveoli The ___ is the space between the lungs. - Answer Mediastinum What three processes transfer oxygen from the air to the lungs and bloodstream? - Answer Ventilation Diffusion Perfusion What is the term for the movement of air in and out of the lungs? - Answer Ventilation What is the term for the passive movement of gases from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration? - Answer Diffusion What is the term for the movement of blood to and from the lungs as a delivery medium of oxygen to the entire body? - Answer Perfusion During inspiration, the diaphragm ___ to flatten and during expiration, the diaphragm ___ and allows the lungs to recoil, decreasing the size of the pleural space. - Answer Contracts Relaxes The passive process of exhaling CO2 requires ___. - Answer No energy from the body The process of perfusion depends on the adequacy of what: - Answer Airway patency Ventilatory effort Gas exchange in the alveoli Hemoglobin to carry oxygen Blood pressure, a function of both vascular volume and cardiac contractility, in the circulatory system to transport blood to the cells What is the first priority in managing a trauma patient? - Answer Establish an open, protected, unobstructed airway and ensure effective ventilation in order to prevent hypoxemia and its harmful effects What are some of the ways a trauma patient's airway may become obstructed? - Answer Tongue Substance abuse and alcohol may lead to ALOC and be unable to protect their airways by swallowing or coughing Maxillofacial trauma can cause edema, increased secretions, bleeding or dislodged teeth Vomiting Neck/Larynx injury may lead to disruption to tracheobronchial tree, causing swelling and hemorrhage Define SaO2 - Answer Percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen as determined by an ABG What is a pulse oximetry reading of arterial oxygen saturation and is measured as a percentage? - Answer SpO2 What is the partial pressure of oxygen dissolved in arterial blood and is measured in mmHg. - Answer PaO2