Behavioral Sciences Praxis 5081 (2023/2024) Already Graded A

Behavioral Sciences Praxis 5081 (2023/2024) Already Graded A Deductive theory Comes from general ideas, knowledge, or understanding of the social world from which hypotheses are logicslly deduced & tested. Inductive theory Concrete observations which general conclusions are inferred through the process of reasoning. Interpretive sociology The processes that humans attach meaning to their lives. The work of Mead & Blumer. Interaction is focused on the social interaction and on the meanings that are constructed or reconstructed in the process. Symbolic interactionist Construction of reality - the notion that humans shape their world and are shaped by social interaction. Conflict paradigm Views society as being characterized by conflict and inequality. Structural functionalism Sees society as a social system of interrelated parts. Each part contributes to the overall stability of the whole. Quantitative Research Interprets observations through mathematical and statistical techniques Qualitative Research Relies on personal observation and description of social life in order to explain behavior. independent variable A variable that influences another variable Dependent variable The one being influenced by the other variable. Correlational relationship Exists when a change in one variable coincides with, but doesn't cause a change in another. Causal relationship Exists when a change in one variable causes or forces a change in the other. representative sample a sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population as a whole Random sample Every member of the populations has the same chance of being chosen for the study. Systematic sampling select some starting point and then select every kth element in the population stratified sampling separates the population into different subgroups and then samples all of these subgroups (ex. Males & females) Sociology The study of how individuals become members of and move between groups, and how being in different groups affects individuals and the groups in which they participate. Hawthorne effect A change in a subject's behavior caused simply by the awareness of being studied. Experiment conducted by Elton May in the 1930s at the Hawthorne Plant of the Western Electric Company in Chicago. Unobtrusive observation Observation from a distance, without being involved in the group or activity being studied. Ex. Observing in a one-way mirror. Secondary analysis Refers to the analysis of existing sources of information. content analysis Refers to the techniques employed to describe the contents of the materials. 5 stages of research 1. Defining the problem; 2. Identifying/reviewing the literature; 3. Formulating a hypothesis; 4. Selecting and implementing a research design; 5. Drawing a conclusion. Socialization The process by which people learn customs and values of their culture. Based on social interaction. Primary socialization The initial socialization a child receives through which he/she becomes a member of society. Secondary socialization socialization that continues throughout life Resocialization The process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors (ex. Becoming a new parent) Sigmund Freud Austrian neurologist known for his work on the unconscious mind. Father of psychoanalysis. Charles Horton Cooley Founded the Looking glass self theory