AMSCO APUSH CHAPTER 8 |39 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|GUARANTEED SUCCESS

Era of Good Feelings Monroe's 2 terms in office 1. Nationalism 2. Optimism 3. Goodwill -Federalists fading away Democratic-Republican dominated politics Sectionalism Southerners more concerned about South (slavery) rather than the entire US James Monroe -Fought in Rev. War - President in 1816 -Era of Good Feelings Cultural nationalism -patriotic themes - expansion of public schools -"unlimited prosperity ahead" Economic nationalism -building roads + canals -protecting US industries from Europe Tariff of 1816 First protective tariff in US history -made only to protect US manufactures from competition Protective tariff A tax placed on goods from another country to protect the home industry Henry Clay ; American System 1. Protective Tariffs 2. National Bank 3. Internal improvements Second Bank of the United States -1816 -created after the First National Bank of Hamilton was dissolved Panic of 1819 2nd bank of US had tightened credit in effort to control inflation 1. Statebanks 2. Value of $ down 3. Unemployment + debt imprisonment up Fractured Era of Good Feelings Lancaster Turnpike -PA -connected Philly w/ rich Lancaster farm lands -simulated construction of other privately built+ short toll roads that connected most major systems Best road in the US (war ) National (Cumberland) Road -paved highway + major route to West - more than 1,000 miles -Maryland -> Illinois -Began 's (completed) -Used state and federal $ Erie Canal NY (1825) -Linked the economies of western + eastern cities -caused more canal building - more transportation -lower food prices -stronger economies Robert Fulton; Steamboats 1807 -boat moves by power of a steam engine -made shipping easier and cheaper Railroads major economic development (1820) -alt. Method for carrying passengers + freight Made Midwest a major power chugga chugga chooo choo hoes Eli Whitney; interchangeable parts -Made a system for male rifles out of interchangeable parts during War of 1812 Became basis for mass production methods in new Northern factories Corporation -business owned by stockholders -treated by law as if of were a person Samuel Slater Established the first US factory Factory system A system of manufacturing in which all the materials, machinery + workers required to manufacture a product are assembled in one place Lowell System; textile mills Recruited young farm living women + housed them in company dormitories child labor Industrialization Caused shift from farming economy -> ** manufacturing (machines) in factory economy ** Specialization -farmers just produced food -workers in cities just produced goods Unions An association of works formed... 1. Better worker conditions 2. Higher wages Cotton gin -Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 -removed seeds from cotton fibers -cotton could be processed quickly + cheaply Results: more cotton is grown = more slaves are needed for more acres of cotton fields Market revolution Period of vast economic growth where people increasingly bought + sold more good rather than making them for themselves John Marshall -federalist official: chief justice -decisions consistently favored central gov. + property rights Fletcher v. Peck 1st time Supreme court declared state law unconstitutional and invalid McCulloch v. Maryland Maryland tried to collect from Second Base of US -FEDERAL GOV HAD IMPLIED POWERS : to create bank -state could NOT TAX "power to tax is the power to destroy" -federal laws are supreme over state laws