PHYSICS Higher Tier Paper 1

PHYSICS Higher Tier Paper 1 Thursday 25 May 2023 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: • a ruler • a scientific calculator • the Physics Equations Sheet (enclosed). Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Pencil should only be used for drawing. • Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. • Answer all questions in the spaces provided. • Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages. • Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. • If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). • In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. Information • The maximum mark for this paper is 100. • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. • You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. *JUN23 4631H01* IB/M/Jun23/E6 8463/1H Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box 0 1 Figure 1 shows how the National Grid connects a power station to consumers. Figure 1 . Complete the sentences. [2 marks] Transformer X causes the potential difference to . Transformer X causes the current to . Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer questions 01.2 and 01.3. . Which equation links current (I), power (P) and resistance (R)? Tick () one box. [1 mark] I P = R I P = R 2 P = I 2 R P = IR . A transmission cable has a power loss of 1.60 × 109 W. The current in the cable is 2000 A. Calculate the resistance of the cable. [3 marks] box Resistance = Ω Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer questions 01.4 and 01.5. . Write down the equation which links efficiency, total energy input and useful energy output. [1 mark] . The total energy input to the National Grid from one power station is 34.2 GJ. The National Grid has an efficiency of 0.992 Calculate the useful energy output from this power station to consumers in GJ. [3 marks] box . Before the power supply was switched on, the thermometer was used to measure the temperature of the iron block. The student left the thermometer in the iron block for a few minutes before recording the initial temperature. Suggest why. [1 mark] . Figure 3 shows how the temperature changed after the power supply was switched on. Figure 3 The energy transferred to the iron block between 5 and 10 minutes was 26 000 J. The mass of the iron block was 2.0 kg. Calculate the specific heat capacity of iron. box Use information from Figure 3 and the Physics Equations Sheet. [4 marks] Specific heat capacity = J/kg °C . The student repeated the investigation but wrapped insulation around the iron block. box What effect will adding insulation have had on the investigation? Tick () two boxes. [2 marks] The calculated specific heat capacity will be more accurate. The iron block will transfer thermal energy to the surroundings at a lower rate. The power output of the heater will be lower than expected. The temperature of the iron block will increase more slowly than expected. The uncertainty in the temperature measurement will be greater. box . The 12 V battery supplies direct potential difference. What is meant by ‘direct potential difference’? [1 mark] Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer questions 03.2 and 03.3. . Which equation links charge flow (Q), energy (E) and potential difference (V)? [1 mark] Tick () one box. V E = Q E = QV Q E = V V 2 E = Q *07* Turn over ► . Calculate the charge flow through the 12 V battery when the battery transfers 5010 J of energy. box [3 marks] Charge flow = C . Ice forms on the windscreen at a temperature of 0 °C. The electrical circuit transfers 5010 J of energy to the ice. A mass of 0.015 kg of ice melts. Calculate the specific latent heat of fusion of water. Use the Physics Equations Sheet. [3 marks] Specific latent heat of fusion of water = J/kg *0* . The electrical circuit was left switched on while the ice changed from a solid to a liquid and increased in temperature to 5 °C. Explain the changes in the arrangement and movement of the particles as the ice melted and the temperature increased to 5 °C. box [6 marks] Turn over for the next question Turn over ► A remote village in the UK uses a hydroelectric generator to provide electricity. . In one day, 2 500 000 kg of water passes through the hydroelectric generator. The change in gravitational potential energy of the water is 367.5 MJ. gravitational field strength = 9.8 N/kg Calculate the mean change in vertical height of the water as it moves through the hydroelectric generator. box Use the Physics Equations Sheet. [4 marks] Mean change in vertical height = m . The generator transfers 3.0 kW of electrical power. Calculate the time taken for the generator to transfer 2.16 × 107 J of energy. Use the Physics Equations Sheet. Give your answer in standard form. [5 marks] box Time taken (in standard form) = s Question 4 continues on the next page Turn over ► . Figure 5 shows how the power output of the generator varied during one year. Figure 5 A solar power system is installed in the remote village in addition to the hydroelectric generator. Explain why this improves the reliability of the electricity supply to the village. box Use information from Figure 5. [2 marks] Some isotopes emit nuclear radiation. . Carbon-14 and carbon-12 are isotopes of carbon. Compare the structure of an atom of carbon-14 with the structure of an atom of carbon-12. box [3 marks] . Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope. Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5700 years. What does ‘a half-life of 5700 years’ mean? [1 mark]