Pharmacology Final Review exam 2 questions and correct answers 2023/2024

Pharmacology Final Review After teaching a community group about the common cold, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the group states which as the cause? A: A number of different viruses B: Bacteria that grow best in the cold C: Irritation of the delicate mucous membrane D: Allergens in the environment A: A number of different viruses Your patient is supposed to receiver oral digoxin daily; however, because he is unable to swallow, he cannot take it orally, as ordered. What kind of problem is this? A: A "right medication" problem B: A "right route" problem C: A "right dose" problem D: A "right time" problem B: A " right route" problem The nurse is setting up an education session with an 85-year-old patient who will be going home on anticoagulant therapy. Which strategy would reflect consideration of aging changes that may exist with this patient? A: Show a colorful video about anticoagulation therapy. B: Give the patient pamphlets about the medications to read at home. C: Develop large-print handouts that reflect the verbal information presented. D: Present all the information in one session just before discharge. C: Develop large-print handouts that reflect the verbal information presented. Which of the following is true regarding parenteral drugs? A: Parenteral drugs exert their effects while circulating in the bloodstream. B: Parenteral drugs bypass the first-pass effect. C: Absorption of parenteral drugs is altered by the presence of food in the stomach. D: Absorption of parenteral drugs is affected by reduced blood flow to the stomach. B: Parenteral drugs bypass the first-pass effect. When reviewing pharmacology terms for a group of newly graduated nurses, the nurse explains that a drug's half-life is the time it takes for: A: One half of the original amount of a drug to reach the target cells. B: The drug to elicit half its therapeutic response. C: One half of the original amount of a drug to be removed from the body. D: One half of the original amount of a drug to be absorbed into the circulation C: One half of the original amount of a drug to be removed from the body. A patient is experiencing chest pain and needs to take a sublingual form of nitroglycerin. The nurse would instruct the patient to place the tablet: A: Under the tongue. B: At the back of the throat for easy swallowing. C: In the space between the cheek and the gum inside the mouth. D: On a non-hairy area on the chest. A: Under the tongue. An elderly patient will often experience a reduction in the stomach's ability to produce hydrochloric acid. This change: A: Causes decreased intestinal absorption of medications. B: Causes delayed gastric emptying C: Results in an increase in gastric acidity. D: May alter absorption of weakly acidic drugs, such as aspirin. D: May alter absorption of weakly acidic drugs, such as aspirin. The nurse is trying to give a liquid medication to a -year-old child, and notes that the medication has a strong taste. Which of the following is the best way for the nurse to give this medication to this child? A: Add the medication to the child's bottle. B: Tell the child you have candy for him. C: Give the medication with spoonfuls of sherbet. D: Add the medication to a cup of milk. C: Give the medication with spoonfuls of sherbet. Which of the following situations is an example of a medication error? A: A patient develops hives after starting an IV antibiotic 24 hours ago B: A patient complains of severe pain still present 60 minutes after a pain medication was given C: A patient refuses her morning medications D: A patient receives a double dose of a medication because the nurse did not cut the pill in half D: A patient receives a double dose of a medication because the nurse did not cut the pill in half Which of the following is the proper notation of the dose of the drug ordered? A: digoxin .1250 mg B: digoxin 0.125 mg C: digoxin .125 mg D: digoxin 0.1250 mg B: digoxin 0.125 mg The physician has written admission orders, and the nurse is transcribing them. The nurse is having difficulty transcribing one order because of the physician's handwriting. Which of the following is the best action to take at this time? The nurse should: A: Ask the patient what medications he takes at home. B: Contact the physician to clarify the order. C: Ask a colleague what the order says. D: Wait until the physician makes rounds again to clarify the order. B: Contact the physician to clarify the order. A gardener needs a decongestant because of seasonal allergy problems. One of the benefits of orally administered decongestants is that: A: Rebound congestion is almost nonexistent. B: The effect is more potent. C: Onset is immediate. D: The adverse effects of restlessness and nervousness are reduced. A: Rebound congestion is almost nonexistent. Which drug would be chosen to aid in the removal of excessive mucus in the respiratory tract? A: benzonatate B: codeine C: dextromethorphan D: guaifenesin (Humibid) D: guaifenesin (Humibid) A patient has been advised to add a nasal spray (an adrenergic decongestant) to treat a cold. The nurse should instruct the patient to: A: Avoid use of this spray if a fever develops. B: Limit use of this spray to 3 to 5 days. C: Continue the spray until nasal stuffiness has resolved. D: Expect the effects to be delayed at least 1 week. B: Limit use of this spray to 3 to 5 days. A patient is in an urgent-care center with an acute asthma attack. The nurse expects that which medication will be used for initial treatment? A: An anticholinergic, such as ipratropium (Atrovent) B: A corticosteroid, such as fluticasone (Flovent) C: A beta2 agonist, such as albuterol (Proventil) D: An antileukotriene, such as montelukast (Singulair) C: A beta2 agonist, such as albuterol (Proventil) The physician has changed a patient's medication regimen to include the antileukotriene, Zafirlukast (Accolate) to treat her asthma. The nurse should emphasize which point about this medication? A: It should be taken every day on a continuous schedule, even if symptoms improve. B: The patient should keep it close by at all times to treat acute asthma attacks. C: When the asthma symptoms improve, the dosage schedule can be tapered and eventually discontinued. D: The proper technique for inhalation. A: It should be taken every day on a continuous schedule, even if symptoms improve. A patient has prescriptions for two inhalers. One inhaler is a bronchodilator, and the other is a corticosteroid. Which instruction regarding these inhalers is correct? A: The two drugs should be taken at least 2 hours apart. B: The bronchodilator should be taken first. C: The order of administration does not matter with these two drugs. D: The corticosteroid should be taken first. B: The bronchodilator should be taken first.