PHIL 482 TAMU Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Solved

PHIL 482 TAMU Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Solved Which of the following is NOT true about factual issues? (a) One should not attempt to assess a moral issue if there is irresolvable factual uncertainty. (b) One should identify the questions of fact and clearly state assumptions (c) Different assumptions about factual issues may result in different moral conclusions (d) None of the above (a) One should not attempt to assess a moral issue if there is irresolvable factual uncertainty Which of the following is true of factual issues? (a) No assumptions need to be made (b) They can be relevant to a moral problem (c) They can be unknown or controversial (d) None of the above (b) (c) The steps taken to resolve a moral disagreement usually do not depend on the specifics of the issue (T/F) F One of the frustrating things about disagreement over moral issues is that: (a) Moral debates are simply matters of opinion (b) They distract from what should be the main priority, for people just to get along (c) The specific nature of the disagreements are rarely stated clearly (d) Daily life rarely involves moral issues The specific nature of the disagreements are rarely stated clearly Often, apparent moral disagreements turn out to be disagreements over relevant facts. (T/F) T A conceptual issue is a question about the meaning of a term (T/F) T Which of the following is true? (a) the scope of moral issues today only includes questions of life or death (b) Often moral issues require deciding which value should prevail when they conflict (c) Moral issues always can be resolved by addressing underlying factual conceptual and application issues (d) Moral issues only include choices that can harm others Often moral issues require deciding which value could prevail when they conflict What kind of issue pertains to the right or wrongness of an action? Moral Issue Disputes over application issues often depend in part on underlying factual issues, conceptual issues, or both. (T/F) T Addressing a relevant conceptual issue rarely lends clarity to a moral discussion. (T/F) F Wang Qin thinks the phrase "safe software" means that the software is resistant to bugs and malware, but Benjamin Smith thinks that it means that the software has been tested and is trusted by its users (is this a conceptual, factual, application or moral claim/issue) Conceptual Accountant James threatened to fire engineer Josefina if she does not help him conceal a large consulting error. This case is one of extortion Application Some scientists believe that offshore drilling will decrease biodiversity in areas around the wells. Factual An engineer should not break a confidentiality agreement Moral Conceptual issues should always be resolved by consulting a dictionary definition (T/F) F Which of the following are important distinctions for contemporary utilitarians? (a) subtle vs overt effects (b) strong vs. weak utilitarianism (c) expected vs. actual consequences (d) act vs. rule utilitarianism (e) particular acts vs. act types Classic hedonistic act utilitarianism holds that only happiness is good for its own sake and that acts are right insofar as no alternative act could bring about more of this good (T/F) T What kind of act would a hedonistic act utilitarian most likely prefer? (a) One where we satisfy a preference at no cost to another (b) One where a patient is sacrificed in order to save many others b Which of the following is NOT true of preference utilitarianism? (a) there will always be cases in which the satisfaction of preferences will not maximize overall happiness (b) what makes something good is the fact that people's preferences are satisfied (c) some preference utilitarians restrict moral correctness to "fully-informed" preferences (c) because the focus is on individual preferences, this type of utilitarianism is considered a relativistic theory b Although Bentham and Mill discussed happiness extensively, they never indicated procedures for how to measure or calculate pleasure and pain (T/F) F While direct consequences fall within the scope of utilitarian analysis, indirect consequences are not considered sufficiently relevant (T/F) F According to Kantian Ethics what defines morality? Purity of the Will According to Kantian ethics, an act has moral value when the will is perfectly aligned with duty (T/F) T Which of the following is true of Immanuel Kant's theory of duty ethics? (a) the responsibilities of duty are inscribed on all rational beings; by nature of their rationality (b) duties are established at a communal level, allowing for variations across cultures (c) duties are primarily derived from lessons learned in experience (d) none of the above the responsibilities of duty are inscribed on all rational beings; by the nature of their rationality Kant believed that persons should rely on their emotions in order to develop a sense of duty (T/F) F In Kant's terminology, the word will means... (a) a faculty that animates our bodily actions (b) a prediction of consequences (c) an expression of desire (d) a declaration of the intent of an action a faculty that animates our bodily actions A good will is motivated by duty alone, not self-interest, moods, or appetites (T/F) T The will cannot be trained to overcome one's inclinations, such as envy or greed (T/F) F Which of the following statements can be ascribed to duty? (A) Duty is constructed from what we feel like doing in each situation (B) Duty informs us of what we should do in each situation (C) A will is good only when it is aligned with duty (D) Duty is obedience to the moral law B, C, D A maxim can contradict the categorical imperative while at the same time be consistent with reason (T/F) F What is the essential difference between apriori and posteriori knowledge? (a) the former is made as a prediction, while the latter is made after the fact (b) the former involves mathematical data, while the content of the latter is moral (c) the former cannot be verified, while the latter is easily verifiable (d) the former is gained independent of experience, while the latter is dependent on experience (d) the former is gained independent of experience, while the latter is dependent on experience Kant believed that fundamental moral principles must be fluid to respond to the different situations people encounter (T/F) F An engineer's duty to confidentiality may only be violated when the law demands it (T/F) F Whistle-blowing is the most extreme form of.. (a) prohibitive ethics (b) preventitive ethcis (c) aspirational ethics (d) employee betrayal preventitive ethics An engineer must not disclose confidential information (a) Preventetive (b) Prohibitive (c) Aspirational Prohibitive An engineer should perform services only in his or her areas of expertise (a) Preventitive (b) Prohibitive (c) Aspirational Preventitive Engineer Bruce is working in his free time to develop a new kind of engine that will reduce the carbon emissions from trucks (a) Preventitive (b) Prohibitive (c) Aspirational Aspirational Engineer Paola is going overseas to help improve the sewage system in rural communities (a) Preventitive (b) Prohibitive (c) Aspirational Aspirational An engineer should report any company misconducts tot he proper authorities (a) Preventitive (b) Prohibitive (c) Aspirational Preventitive An engineer must not accept bribes (a) Preventitive (b) Prohibitive (c) Aspirational Prohibitive What percentage of the NSPE Code of Ethics could be considered prohibitive? (a) 50% (b) 80% (c) 20% (d) 98% 80% Rather than technological ghee-whiz the twenty greatest engineering achievements of the 20th century were selected based on their impact on human quality of life (T/F) T Capabilities refers to the ability of people to engage in certain activities, therby leading the kind of life they value (T/F) T In more industrialized countries, the rate of depression is lower in groups for whom wealth and technology is less of a priority, such as the Amish (T/F) T What conclusion can be drawn from the results of the global life satisfaction survey? (a) there is much work to be done to improve life satisfaction by increasing the material wealth of the poor (b) in general, a high level of technological development constitutes the good life (c) while technology can be a means to good quality of life, it is not sufficient (d) the extent of poverty in a country always correspons with lower life-satisfaction while technology can be a means to good quality of life, it is not sufficient There is considerable evidence that income and material possessions always increase the happiness and well-being of an individual (T/F) F Which of the following may pose problems for the validity of surveys measuring life satisfaction based on subjective conditions? (a) there may be more to quality of life than simply feeling good (b) the income of the respondent is often unknown (c) responses can be affected by all kinds of extraneous circumstances (d) respondents could be incorrect in their answers a,c,d Which of the following characterizations can be attributed to "objectivism"? (a) self-realization is important (b) an individual should flourish (c) happiness is about being in a good mood (d) only pleasure matters (e) we should strive for the good life a,b,e Which of the following correlates to higher levels of happiness and well-being? (a) good health (b) physical activity (c) access to the best shops and restaurants (d) volunteerism (e) possessing the latest technology (f) purpose and meaning in one's life a,b,d,f