Test Bank for Human Anatomy And Physiology 9th Edition by Marieb and Hoehn Chapter 16: The Endocrine System

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following is not a change typically produced by a hormonal stimulus? A) stimulates production of an action potential B) alters plasma membrane permeability C) induces secretory activity D) activates or deactivates enzymes Answer: A 2) Regulating hormones from the hypothalamus A) first enter into the hypophyseal portal system B) B) enter the hepatic portal system, which feeds the pituitary C) enter venous circulation and travel to the heart, which pumps the hormonecontaining blood to the pituitary D) travel by arteries to the pituitar y Answer: A 3) Hormones often cause a cell to elicit multiple responses; this is because A) there are thousands of receptors on the cell membrane B) during protein kinase activation, enzymes phosphorylate many other enzymes C) the receptors bind to several hormones at the same time D) the protein kinases are rapidly metabolized into functional amino acids Answer: B 4) Which of the following is not a type of hormone interaction? A) permissiveness B) synergism C) feedback D) antagonism Answer: C 5) Which of the following is not a steroid-based hormone? A) aldosterone B) estrogen C) epinephrine D) cortisone Answer: C 6) Thyroxine is a peptide hormone, but its mechanism is different from other peptide hormones.Which of the following statements is true concerning this difference? A) It is very specific in the cell type it targets. B) It is a stimulant of cellular metabolism and targets all cells. C) It does not require a second messenger to effect a response. D) It causes positive feedback. Answer: C 7) Cells that respond to peptide hormones usually do so through a sequence of biochemical reactions involving receptor and kinase activation. In order for cells to respond, it is necessary for first and second messengers to communicate. This is possible because A) hormones alter cellular operations through direct stimulation of a gene B) peptide hormones are converted by cell membranes enzymes into second messengers C) G protein acts as the link between first and second messengers D) the hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm as a unit Answer: C 8) The major targets of growth hormone are A) the liver B) the blood vessels C) bones and skeletal muscles D) the adrenal glands Answer: C 9) How do glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress? A) by releasing the neurotransmitters that prepare the body for the stress response B) by increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure C) by decreasing the heart rate, thus decreasing blood pressure D) b y stimulating the pancreas to release insulin Answer: B 10) Which of the choices below is not a factor required for target cell activation by hormone receptor interaction? A) strength of the bond between the receptor and hormone B) type of hormone C) blood levels of hormone D) number of receptors for that hormone Answer: B 11) Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver due to the action of . A) cortisol B) aldosterone C) secretin D) insulin Answ er: A 12) Oxytocin A) controls milk production B) is an adenohypophyseal secretion C) release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism D) exerts its most important effects during menstruation Answer: C 13) Thyroid hormone (a small iodinated amine) enters target cells in a manner similar to A) insulin, because insulin is a small peptide B) growth hormone, because the thyroid works synergistically with thyroid hormone C) steroid hormones, because both diffuse easily into target cells D) glucagon, because the structure of glucagon is similar to that of thyroid hormone Answer: C 14) Aldosterone . A) production is greatly influenced by ACTH B) is secreted by the neurohypophysis C) functions to increase sodium reabsorption D) presence increases potassium concentration in the blood Answer: C 15) A man has been told that he is not synthesizing enough follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain this problem. A) FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes. B) FSH stimulates estrogen secretion by ovarian cells; therefore it is not synthesized by males. C) The manmust be producing progesterone, which inhibits the synthesis of FSH. D) A hormone made in the adenohypophysis cannot influence fertility. Answer: A 16) ADH A) is inhibited by alcohol B) increases urine production C) promotes dehydration D) is produced in the adenohypophysis Answer: A 17) Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anter ior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the . A) feedback loop B) general circulatory system C) hypophyseal portal system D) hepatic portal system Answer: C 18) In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the cells of the target organ. This is known as . A) a stressor reaction B) upregulation C) sensitivity increase D) cellular affinity Answer: B 19) Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to A) estrogen B) epinephrine C) testosterone D) cortisol Answer:D 20) The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract . A) conducts aldosterone to the hypophysis B) is the site of prolactin synthesis C) is partly contained within the infundibulum D) connects the hypophysis to the pituitary glan Answer: C 21) Virtually all of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through intracellular A) nucleotides B) ) calcium C) C) second messengers D) D) deactivating ions E) Answer: C 22) Cellular responses to hormones that initiate second-messenger systems include . A) possible activation of several different second-messenger systems