NU 545 Unit 1 Test Bank Questions and Answers.

NU 545 Unit 1 Test Bank Questions and Answers. CHAPTER 7 1. Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process? a. To provide specific responses toward antigens b. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue d. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury 2. How do surfactant proteins A through D provide innate resistance? a. Initiate the complement cascade. b. Promote phagocytosis. c. Secrete mucus. d. Synthesize lysosomes. 3. Which secretion is a first line of defense against pathogen invasion that involves antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids, as well as lactic acid? a. Optic tears b. Oral saliva c. Sweat gland perspiration d. Sebaceous gland sebum 4. Which bacterium grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic therapy? a. Lactobacillus b. Candida albicans c. Clostridium difficile d. Helicobacter pylori 5. What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process? a. Vasodilation of blood vessels b. Increased capillary permeability c. Endothelial cell expansion d. Emigration of neutrophils 6. What process causes heat and redness to occur during the inflammatory process? a. Vasodilation of blood vessels b. Platelet aggregation c. Decreased capillary permeability d. Endothelial cell contraction 7. What does activation of the classical pathway begin with? a. Viruses b. Antigen-antibody complexes c. Mast cells d. Macrophages 8. What plasma protein system forms a fibrinous meshwork at an inflamed site? a. Complement b. Coagulation c. Kinin d. Fibrinolysis 9. Which component of the plasma protein system tags pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages? a. Complement cascade b. Coagulation system c. Kinin system d. Immune system 10. What is the vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells? a. Platelet adhesion b. Initiation of the clotting cascade c. Vasodilation d. Increased endothelial adhesiveness NU 545 Unit 1 Test Bank Questions and Answers. 11. What is an outcome of the complement cascade? a. Activation of the clotting cascade b. Prevention of the spread of infection to adjacent tissues c. Inactivation of chemical mediators such as histamine d. Lysis of bacterial cell membranes 12. What is the function of opsonization related to the complement cascade? a. To tag pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages b. To process pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes can be created for acquired immunity c. To destroy glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms d. To promote anaphylatoxic activity, resulting in mast cell degranulation 13. In the coagulation (clotting) cascade, the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways converge at which factor? a. XII b. VII c. X d. V 14. Which chemical interacts among all plasma protein systems by degrading blood clots, activating complement, and activating the Hageman factor? a. Kallikrein b. Histamine c. Bradykinin d. Plasmin 15. How does the chemotactic factor affect the inflammatory process? a. By causing vasodilation around the inflamed area b. By stimulating smooth muscle contraction in the inflamed area c. By directing leukocytes to the inflamed area d. By producing edema around the inflamed area 16. What effect does the process of histamine binding to the histamine-2 (H2) receptor have on inflammation? a. Inhibition b. Activation c. Acceleration d. Termination 17. Frequently when H1 and H2 receptors are located on the same cells, they act in what fashion? a. Synergistically b. Additively c. Antagonistically d. Agonistically 18. Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing because of which problem? a. Circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues. b. Complement and chemotaxis are deficient. c. Underlying chronic illness(es) exists. d. Number of mast cells is insufficient. 19. Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells to increase vascular permeability and to cause leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells? a. Chemokines b. Prostaglandin E c. Platelet-activating factor d. Bradykinin 20. What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide (NO)? a. Increases capillary permeability, and causes pain b. Increases neutrophil chemotaxis and platelet aggregation c. Causes smooth muscle contraction and fever d. Decreases mast cell function, and decreases platelet aggregation.