BIO 1A03 McMaster University Test #2 Review

BIO 1A03 McMaster University Test #2 Review Translation - Cellular components are able to read the genetic message in mRNA and translate the message into specific primary amino acid sequence of a protein How does tRNA structure allow for SPECIFICTY in translation? - 1. Plays critical role in ENABLING the translation of the information 2. Each type of tRNA molecule is not identical and can translate a specific codon into a specific amino acid What is the structure of tRNA? - - single RNA strand (70-90 nucleotide length) - four double helical segments and three characteristic loops How are the four double helical segments and three loops in tRNA molecules formed? - Formed due to the large degree of complementarity along stretches of tRNA which results in many stretches of hydrogen bonding between complementary bases. What are anticodons? In what direction are they conventionally written? - Three-base sequence in a transfer RNA molecule base that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA They are conventionally written in the 3' to 5' direction What is at the 3' end on tRNA? - There is a protruding amino acid attachment site made up of CCA nucleotide sequence (terminal "A" is point of attachment for amino acid during tRNA molecule activation) How is the activation of a tRNA molecule with a specific amino acid carried out? - Activation is carried out by a family of enzymes called aminoacyl tRNA synthetase True or False; Each enzyme is specific to the type of tRNA and corresponding amino acid it will bind. - True - 20 aminoacyl tRNA synthetase How do aminoacyl tRNA