2023 CCRP Exam Prep| 30 PAGES(300 QUESTIONS)| WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

2023 CCRP Exam Prep| 30 PAGES(300 QUESTIONS)| WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Who was tried in the Nuremburg Military Tribunals and why? Correct Answer: Doctors who committed war crimes against humanity including medical experiments on concentration camp inmates and other human subjects without consent What was the outcome of the Nuremburg Military Tribunals? Correct Answer: After 140 days of proceedings with testimony of 85 witnesses and submission of 1,500 documents, American judges convicted 16 doctors on 8/20/1947. Seven were sentenced to death and executed 6/2/1948. What historical document was born from the Nuremberg Military Tribunals? Correct Answer: The Nuremberg Code (1947) According to the Nuremberg Code (1947), all unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injury... Correct Answer: should be avoided According to the Nuremberg Code (1947), voluntary consent of the human subject is... Correct Answer: absolutely essential According to the Nuremberg Code (1947), the experiment must yield.... Correct Answer: generalizable knowledge that could not be obtained in any other way and is not random and unnecessary in nature According to the Nuremberg Code (1947), animal experimentation should... Correct Answer: precede human experimentation According to the Nuremberg Code (1947), no experiment should be conducted if there is reason to believe... Correct Answer: death of disabling injury will occur According to the Nuremberg Code (1947), the degree of risk to subject should....Correct Answer: never exceed the humanitarian importance of the problem According to the Nuremberg Code (1947), risk to subjects should be minimized through... Correct Answer: proper preparations According to the Nuremberg Code (1947), experiments should only be conducted by... Correct Answer: scientifically qualified investigators According to the Nuremberg Code (1947), subjects should always be at liberty to....Correct Answer: withdraw from experiments According to the Nuremberg Code (1947), investigators must be ready to end an experiment at any stage if... Correct Answer: there is cause to believe that continuing the experiment is likely to result in injury, disability, or death to the subject The Declaration of Helsinki (1964) emphasized what? Correct Answer: Brought about by the need for human research as opposed to human experimentation and better defined the criteria for consent What organization originally adopted the Declaration of Helsinki? Correct Answer: The World Medical Association General Assembly What did the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) provide recommendations for? Correct Answer: Recommendations guiding physicians in biomedical research involving human subjects The Declaration of Helsinki (1964) reiterated the basic ethical principles from what document? Correct Answer: The Nuremberg Code According to the Declaration of Helsinki (1964), informed consent must be obtained from who? Correct Answer: The subject or legal guardian According to the Declaration of Helsinki (1964), design and performance of experimental procedure must be... Correct Answer: formulated in a clear protocol According to the Declaration of Helsinki (1964), research protocols should be transmitted to... Correct Answer: a specially appointed independent committee for consideration, comment and guidance Who ran the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male? Correct Answer: The US Public Health Service and the Tuskegee Institute What was the purpose of the Tuskegee Experiments? Correct Answer: To justify treatment programs for black Americans When were the Tuskegee Experiments intiated? Correct Answer: 1932 What were the the concerns with the Tuskegee experiments? Correct Answer: -No informed consent -Misleading advertisement -Had to agree to autopsy to have funeral costs covered -Treatment denied to some patients -Risky spinal tap diagnostic Who broke the story of the Tuskegee Experiments? Correct Answer: Peter Buxton told the story to an Associated Press reporter