BIOLOGY 1404 EXAM CHAPTER 8-11 REVIEW.

BIOLOGY 1404 EXAM CHAPTER 8-11 REVIEW. CH8 - Photosynthesis CH9 - Cell communication CH10 - Cell reproduction CH11 - Meiosis and sexual reproduction CH8: PHOTOSYNTHESIS 8.1 Photosynthesis is a biological process that captures sunlight and converts it to chemical compound (carbohydrates which are stored in C-C compounds) Carbohydrates - used by organisms to power metabolism (ex. cellular respiration) Only plants, algae and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis - called photoautotrophs Animals, fungi and other bacteria rely on sugars made from photosynthesis - called heterotrophs Chemoautotrophs synthesizes sugar by extracting energy from inorganic compounds, not by capturing sunlight Photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide, water and sunlight, produces glucose and oxygen, takes place in the organelle chloroplast (throughout the cytoplasm) Photosynthesis takes place in the middle layer of the leaf called mesophyll .