Portage Learning A&P I Final Exam
1. List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity.: The abdominal
cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen and liver
2. True or False?
a. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. (T or F)
b. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP. (T or F)
c. Integral proteins are only found on the inner surface of a cell membrane.
(T or F)
d. Endocytosis is the process that occurs to eject biomacromolecules
from the cell. (T or F)
e. Pinocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the
cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F): a.
True
b.True
c. False
d. False
e. False
3. You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same
type of eukaryotic cell but one appears much larger. Based on appearance
,alone, which one would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more
active rate, the larger or smaller cell? Explain why.: I believe it is the
smaller cell that will breathe at a more active rate because in order for
respiration to occur efficiently and more actively the surface area to
volume ratio is very critical; also, if the larger surface area is present
then the diffusion of gases occur at a higher rate; so, larger cells will
have a smaller surface to volume ratio and diffusion that will occur at a
slower rate creating a less active respiration; and, on the other hand
smaller cells will have a larger surface area to volume ratio and an
improved diffusion rate, so the higher rate and more active respiration.
The smaller cell. Cells need to remain relatively small because as a cell
expands the amount of surface area relative to the volume of the cell
decreases. The smaller cell is more active because relative to its
volume, its surface area is larger than a bigger cell. With a larger
surface area (relative to its volume) this allows the metabolic processes
to occur faster.
4. Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words.
Explain what happens to the epiglottis during swallowing. Why?: During
,swal- lowing the epiglottis moves inferiorly to close off and prevent
aspiration by covering the trachea and creating a passage for liquid,
food, or bolus into the esophagus; and, preventing these things from
entering into the lungs.
5. Air and food pass in which one of the following areas:: Oropharynx
, 6. Label the following five items from the diagram:
Label B-
Label D-
Label E-
Label F-
Label G- : B - Oral
Cavity D - Epiglottis
E - Glottis
F-
Trachea
G - Esophagus
7. From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are::
Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles
8. Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of
gastrin) might develop gastric/stomach ulcers.: Hypergastrinemia leads to
ex- cess secretion of the gastrin hormone, which induces excess
secretion of hydrochlo- ric acid in the stomach; and, the excess acid
then acts as a protective mucousa layer causing disruption that can
lead to those ulcers.
1. List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity.: The abdominal
cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen and liver
2. True or False?
a. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. (T or F)
b. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP. (T or F)
c. Integral proteins are only found on the inner surface of a cell membrane.
(T or F)
d. Endocytosis is the process that occurs to eject biomacromolecules
from the cell. (T or F)
e. Pinocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the
cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F): a.
True
b.True
c. False
d. False
e. False
3. You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same
type of eukaryotic cell but one appears much larger. Based on appearance
,alone, which one would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more
active rate, the larger or smaller cell? Explain why.: I believe it is the
smaller cell that will breathe at a more active rate because in order for
respiration to occur efficiently and more actively the surface area to
volume ratio is very critical; also, if the larger surface area is present
then the diffusion of gases occur at a higher rate; so, larger cells will
have a smaller surface to volume ratio and diffusion that will occur at a
slower rate creating a less active respiration; and, on the other hand
smaller cells will have a larger surface area to volume ratio and an
improved diffusion rate, so the higher rate and more active respiration.
The smaller cell. Cells need to remain relatively small because as a cell
expands the amount of surface area relative to the volume of the cell
decreases. The smaller cell is more active because relative to its
volume, its surface area is larger than a bigger cell. With a larger
surface area (relative to its volume) this allows the metabolic processes
to occur faster.
4. Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words.
Explain what happens to the epiglottis during swallowing. Why?: During
,swal- lowing the epiglottis moves inferiorly to close off and prevent
aspiration by covering the trachea and creating a passage for liquid,
food, or bolus into the esophagus; and, preventing these things from
entering into the lungs.
5. Air and food pass in which one of the following areas:: Oropharynx
, 6. Label the following five items from the diagram:
Label B-
Label D-
Label E-
Label F-
Label G- : B - Oral
Cavity D - Epiglottis
E - Glottis
F-
Trachea
G - Esophagus
7. From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are::
Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles
8. Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of
gastrin) might develop gastric/stomach ulcers.: Hypergastrinemia leads to
ex- cess secretion of the gastrin hormone, which induces excess
secretion of hydrochlo- ric acid in the stomach; and, the excess acid
then acts as a protective mucousa layer causing disruption that can
lead to those ulcers.
