CPNRE : Pharmacology questions and answers well illustrated.

CPNRE : Pharmacology questions and answers well illustrated. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) - correct answers.1. Antipyretic 2. Analgesic *Can cause liver damage in excessive amounts or known liver disease ASA (EC ASA) - correct answers.1. Anti-inflammatory 2. Anti-pyretic 3. Analgesic **do not administer in children under 12 years of age = Rye's Syndrome*** **can cause bleeding tendencies** **baby ASA-preventative for heart disease** Amlodipine - correct answers.Ca Channel blocker (decrease BP, heart rate) *may cause gingival hyperplasia Atenolol and other "olol" - correct answers.Beta blocker (decreases BP, heart rate) **teach patient to rise slowly-orthostatic hypotension** Atorvastatin, Simvastatin (Zocor) - correct sterol lowering drugs ***need to be given in evenings as that is when cholesterol is manufactured the greatest*** **watch liver enzymes** calcium carbonate - correct um supplement **watch calcium levels** Carbamazepine (Tegretol) - correct answers.Anticonvulsant **decreases CNS excitement** Watch for CNS depression!!! Cefazolin (Ancef) - correct answers."anti-Infectives" Antibiotic *Adverse effects-GI signs & symptoms Dalteparin Sodium (Fragmin) - correct answers.Anticoagulant (LMWH) Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) - correct answers.Narcotic analgesic **used for moderate to severe pain** Watch for signs and symptoms of CNS depression Histamine 2 Antagonist (H2 blocker) - correct answers.Inhibits release of histamine, which reduces gastric acids Treatment for GERD, PUD Glyburide (Metformin) - correct hypoglycemic agent **must check AQ check/blood sugar prior to administration** **watch for S&S of hypoglycemia** Furosemide (Lasix) - correct answers.Loop diuretic Decrease blood volume **watch for signs of dehydration and "hypokalemia** **should be administered in morning** Ferrous Gluconate (IRON) - correct answers.May cause black tarry stools, constipation **check hgb levels** Given for anemia (IRON cont.)**should be taken with straw if in liquid preparation**-stains teeth *can cause GI upset, therefore taken with meals Dimenhydrinate (Gravol) - correct answers.-Class: Antiemetic -EMS Indications: Nausea and vomiting as a result of vertigo, motion sickness, and narcotic administration -Adult Dosage: 50 mg SIVP/IM Repeat: q 4 hours Patients 65 years of age or older, 25 mg SIVP/IM q 15 minutes to a total maximum of 50 mg Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, or propylene glycol; Narrow angle glaucoma; Patients who have ingested large quantities of depressants (including alcohol) *Preferred antiemetic in treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with vertigo or motion sickness **Monitor patient carefully - goal is to provide symptom management without overmedicating Administer IM injections in the lateral quad (vastus lateralis) muscle Diltiazem Cardizem - correct answers.Ca channel blocker TX: Hypertension Docusate Sodium—(colace) - correct softener Digoxin (Lanoxin) - correct answers.Anti-Arrhythmic, cardiac glycoside **Apical heart rate is to be taken for one full minute If less than 60—hold med. Contact doctor/prescriber Dexamethasone (Decadron) - correct answers.Corticosteroid—decrease inflammation **careful for adverse effects: "cushings-like" Can cause IMMUNOSUPPRESSION --protect from infections-- MUST BE WEANED!!! Morphine Sulfate - correct tic Analgesic for moderate to severe pain **check respirations—adverse effect respiratory depression** Levothyroxine (Synthroid) - correct answers.Treatment for hypothyroidism **adverse effects Hyperthyroidism** Mannitol (Osmitrol) - correct answers.Osmotic diuretics. Pull fluid back into the vascular and extravascular space by increasing serum osmolality to promote osmotic changes. Used to prevent renal failure related to hypovolemia. Decrease intracranial pressure related to cerebral edema. Decrease intraocular pressure. Meperidine (Demerol) - correct answers.Narcotic Analgesic, Pain [moderate to severe] (black box: potential addiction, abuse, misuse) Rapid-acting insulin analogues (clear) • Insulin aspart (NovoRapid®) • Insulin glulisine (Apidra®) • Insulin lispro (Humalog®) *Bolus (prandial) insulins - correct answers.Onset 10 - 15 min = Insulin aspart (NovoRapid®) 10 - 15 min = Insulin glulisine (Apidra®) 10 - 15 min = Insulin lispro (Humalog®) Peak 1 - 1.5 h= Insulin aspart (NovoRapid®) 1 - 1.5 h = Insulin glulisine (Apidra®) 1 - 2 h = Insulin lispro (Humalog®) Duration 3 - 5 h= Insulin aspart (NovoRapid®) 3 - 5 h = Insulin glulisine (Apidra®) 3.5 - 4.75 h = Insulin lispro (Humalog®) Short-acting insulins (clear) • Humulin®-R • Novolin® ge Toronto - correct answers.Onset 30 min Peak 2 - 3 h Duration 6.5 h Intermediate-acting (cloudy) • Humulin® -N • Novolin® ge NPH - correct answers.Onset