WOUND CARE EXAM 1 (1ST HALF) QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS VERIFIED CORRECT

Skin Facts - -Size: 2 square meters -Weight: 15% TBW -Recieves 1/3 of total circulation. -Largest Organ Skin Functions - -Thermoregulation -Protection -Immunity -Sensation -Metabolism -Communication Epidermal Appendages (Skin) - -Nails -Hair Follicles -Sweat glands Epidermis (Layers--superficial to deep) - -Stratum corneum -stratum lucidum -stratum granulosum stratum spinosum -stratum basle Epidermis - -Outermost layer -uniform thickness (except palms/soles = 0.06-0.6 mm) -Stratified squamos epithelial cells ( 20 cells thick; Very young/old have only 12)--> leads to more wounds -5 Layers Stratum Corneum - -Top horny Layer -cells elongate -dead keratinized cells -sloughs off and is replaced by cells below Stratum Lucidum - -Few Layers of dead keratinocytes Stratum Granulosum - -3-5 layers of cells -Diamond Shaped Cells Stratum Spinosum - -Prickly Layer -Cells have active nuclei Stratum Basale - -AKA- Basal Layer (Stratum Germinativum) -Attached to dermis by basement membrane -Takes 2-4 weeks to migrate upward -Melanocytes Basement Membrane - -Separates epidermis from dermis -Rete pegs - point up -Rete ridges - point down -Ancer epidermis to dermis -Flattens with age (leads to ski tears) Langerhans Cells - -Produced in bone marrow -migrate to epidermis -Fight bacteria and viral fungal infection -Decrease with Age and UV exposure --> decrease immune function Papillary Dermis - -Layer just below the basement membrane -Elastic Fibers -Papillary loops provide nutrients to dermis Reticular Dermis - -Forms base of dermis -Thick collagen fibers -Cutaneous blood vessels Important Dermal Cells - -Fibroblasts -Macrophages -Mast Cells -Nerve Cells -Epidermal Appendages Fibroblasts (dermal cells) - -produce collage and elastin -important for elasticity in would healing Macrophages and WBC (dermal cells) - -Regulate Wound Repair process (fight infection) -Phagocytize bacteria -break down damage tissue -synthesize collagenase and elastase (enzymes that break down dead tissue) Mast Cells (dermal cells) - -produce histamine -->causes vasodialation -Activate inflammatory response Hypodermis - -A subcutaneous layer of loose connective tissue containing a varying number of fat cells: -Adipose Tissue -Fascia -Lymphatic Vessels Adipose Tissue - -Loose connective tissue -holds fat -Energy reserve, protection, thermoregulation Fascia - -Fibrous connective tissue -surrounds, separates, facilitates movement Lymphatic Vessels - -A vessel that conveys lymph. Age Related Changes - -NEONATAL (term delivery + 2 weeks) -Very permeable -caution with topical meds -Infants (After 42 weeks) -Skin, tears, occipital skin breakdown Partial Thickness - -confined to epidermis and superficial (papillary) dermis