Medical-Surgical Nursing Study Guide Version 1, Latest Review 2023 Practice Questions and Answers, 100% Correct with Explanations, Highly Recommended, Download to Score A+

Medical-Surgical Nursing Study Guide Version 1, Latest Review 2023 Practice Questions and Answers, 100% Correct with Explanations, Highly Recommended, Download to Score A+ SURGICAL SETTINGS • Surgery is performed to diagnose, cure, palliate, prevent, explore, and/or provide cosmetic improvement. • The total surgical episode is called the perioperative period. This period in the health care continuum includes the time before surgery (preoperative period), the time spent during the actual surgical procedure (intraoperative period), and the period after the surgery is completed (postoperative period). • Surgery may be a carefully planned event (elective surgery) or may arise with unexpected urgency (emergency surgery). • The setting in which a surgical procedure may be safely and effectively performed is influenced by the complexity of the surgery, potential complications, and general health status of the patient. • The majority of surgical procedures are being performed as ambulatory surgery (also called same-day or outpatient surgery). • Regardless of where the surgery is performed, your role is to prepare the patient for surgery, care for the patient during surgery, and aid the patient’s recovery following surgery. PATIENT INTERVIEW • One of the most important nursing actions is the preoperative interview. It often occurs in advance or on the day of surgery. The site of the interview and the time before surgery will dictate the depth and the completeness of the interview. • The primary purposes of the interview are to obtain the patient’s health information, provide information regarding the surgical experience, and assess the patient’s readiness for surgery. It provides the patient and caregiver an opportunity to ask questions. NURSING ASSESSMENT OF THE PREOPERATIVE PATIENT • The preoperative nursing assessment is performed to determine the patient’s psychologic status and physiologic factors that may contribute to operative risk factors; establish baseline detail; identify and document the surgical site; identify prescription, over-the-counter drugs, and herbs taken by the patient; confirm laboratory and diagnostic study results; note cultural and ethnic factors that may affect the surgical experience; and validate that the informed consent form has been signed and witnessed. • Common fears associated with surgery include the potential for death or permanent disability resulting from surgery, pain, change in body image, or results of a diagnostic procedure. • Your role in psychologically preparing the patient for surgery is to assess the patient for potential stressors that could negatively affect surgery and to provide support during the preoperative period so that stress does not become distress. • In the nursing assessment, you should perform a thorough body systems review. Ask specific questions to confirm the presence or absence of any diseases. Obtain information about any family history of adverse reactions to or problems with anesthesia. Screen patients for possible latex allergies, as well as history of drug intolerance and drug allergies. • All findings on the medication history, including allergies, should be recorded and shared with the intraoperative and postoperative personnel. • Findings from the patient’s preoperative assessment will be used to assess the patient’s perioperative risk and may influence perioperative decisions. • The preoperative assessment of the older person’s baseline cognitive function is essential for intraoperative and postoperative evaluation as well as for selection of type of anesthesia to be used. • The patient with diabetes is especially at risk for adverse effects of anesthesia and surgery. • Obesity stresses the cardiac and pulmonary system and makes access to the surgical site and anesthesia administration more difficult.