NCC C-EFM CERTIFICATION questions with correct answers

what is the ONLY true auscultation method? - fetoscope! listens to how the valves of the heart close - Fetoscope is the only true auscultation tool. Doppler picks up heart motion. Fetoscope listens to the valves closing. benefits of fetoscope/auscultation? - easy - less charting - lower c/s rates - allows patient movement - non-invasive - cheaper limitations of fetoscope/auscultation? - requires 1-to-1 nursing care - can't assess variability - maternal habitus can cause an issue - anterior placenta - high BMI - firm uterus category I FHR criteria? includes ALL of the following: - normal FHR baseline b/w 110-160 - regular rhythm - presence OR absence o/f FHR increases or accels from the baseline rate - absence of FHR decreases or decels from baseline category II FHR criteria? include ANY of the following: - irregular rhythm - presence of FHR decreases or decels from baseline - tachycardia (baseline 160 for 10 min) - bradycardia (baseline 110 for 10 min) how does the ultrasound work? - Used to detect fetal heart motion from sound waves that are then transmitted to a computer to produce the audible sound and visual tracing - Second generation monitors use technology that autocorrelates the waveforms that are received and creating the smoothing of the waveforms. This is why we don't have short term vs long term variability anymore. benefits of US? - permanent record - central monitoring (every nurse can see it) - non-invasive - doesn't require ROM limtations of US? - habitus/large BMI - restrictive to m'vt - computer tries to predict a normal HR so it may attempt to half or double FHR - hard to detect arrhythmias - maternal and fetal movement may interfere with continuous monitoring fetal spiral electrode and how it works? - electrode converts fetal ECG to FHR by measuring fetal R to R intervals