ADVANCED HEALTH ASSESSMENT Exam 2 Study Guide

AHA Exam 2 Study Guide 1. Abnormalities in nail beds (pt. complains of problem with nail beds) a. Fungal infection (onychomycosis) i. Thick and yellow or white discoloration of nail bed ii. May separate from the nail bed iii. May report associated discomfort, paresthesia, loss of manual dexterity iv. May lose ability to walk, exercise, wear shoes b. Cellulitis i. Swollen, red, and painful to touch ii. Bacterial infection iii. A.K.A. Paronychia c. Paronychia i. Hx of nail trauma or manipulation ii. Chronic- repeated exposure to moisture with tenderness and mild swelling. iii. Redness, swelling, and tenderness at the lateral and proximal nail folds. iv. Purulent drainage under cuticle. v. Soft tissue infection around fingernail. vi. Chronic can produce rippling of the nail d. Leukonychia i. White spots on nail plate 2. Different types of skin lesions a. Nodule i. Elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion ii. Deeper in dermis than a papule. iii. 1 to 2 cm in diameter iv. Erythema nodosum, lipoma b. Cyst i. Elevated, circumscribed encapsulated lesion ii. In the dermis or subcutaneous layer filled with liquid or semisolid material. iii. Sebaceous cyst, cystic acne c. Papule i. Elevated, firm, circumscribed area ii. Less than 1 cm in diameter iii. Wart (verruca), elevated mole, lichen planus d. Pustule i. Elevated, superficial lesion ii. Similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid iii. Impetigo, acne 3. Different typed of headaches a. Classic Migraine i. Childhood onset-more common in women ii. Unilateral or generalized iii. Lasts hours to days iv. Onset is morning or evening v. Pulsating or throbbing pain. vi. Causes- Menstrual cycle, not eating, birth control pills, let down after stress. vii. Can cause nausea/vomiting b. Temporal arteritis i. Older adults ii. Unilateral or bilateral iii. Lasts hours to days iv. Occurs anytime v. Throbbing vi. Causes-stress, anger, bruxism c. Hypertensive i. Adulthood ii. Bilateral or occiput iii. Lasts for hours iv. Occurs in morning v. Throbbing vi. Remits as the day progresses d. Cluster i. Adulthood ii. Unilateral iii. ½-2 hours duration iv. Onset at night v. Intense burning, boring, searing, knifelike vi. Can cause personality changes, sleep disturbances vii. Caused by alcohol consumption viii. Occurs more in men 4. Thyroid problems based on patient history a. Hypothyroidism i. Weight gain ii. Constipation iii. Fatigue iv. Cold intolerance v. Normal size thyroid vi. Goiter vii. Nodules b. Hyperthyroidism i. Weight loss ii. Tachycardia iii. Diarrhea iv. Heat sensitivity