RNA in Biomedicine Final Exam

Low pH, low temperature, presence of Mg2+ - Answer- What are the most probable conditions of primordial soup that would lead to the formation of the first RNA molecule? 1. Concentration of individual ingredients into a smaller space, triggering faster reaction 2. Support of polymerization 3. Protection from hydrolysis and external environment - Answer- Provide 3 reasons why a catalyst is needed for RNA polymerization. RNase P; rRNA with self-splicing exon - Answer- What were the first discovered RNA molecules, and which catalytic properties led to the formation of the RNA world hypothesis? NADPH - Answer- What molecule's reducing power is needed for uracil to thymine conversion? Uracil; mutation - Answer- Spontaneous deamination of cytosine in DNA leads to the formation of __________ and is subsequently recognized as ____________ Shear - Answer- What is the transitional movement of the uracil base within the GU wobble base pair that supports this interaction? AU Watson-Crick - Answer- Which of the following base pairs would be considered canonical? (a) AU Watson-Crick (b) GU wobble (c) GA sheared (d) AU reverse Hoogsteen True - Answer- T/F: Thymine can be present in tRNA. True - Answer- T/F: Uracil can be present in DNA as a result of mutation. Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen - Answer- Which two types of base-pairing interactions support the formation of RNA triple helices and G-quadruplexes? Bulges; internal loop - Answer- Unpaired stretches of nucleotides within one strand of RNA duplex that cause bends in helices are referred to as __________, while the unpaired region existing between two stems is referred to as _____________. Junction; Apical loop / hairpin loop - Answer- A secondary structure element formed by the intersection of three or more double helices is referred to as __________, while single-stranded regions closing a stem of a hairpin is referred to as ___________. - GAG