ADULT ATI MEDICAL-SURGICAL PROCTORED STUDY GUIDE EXAM (QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)

ADULT ATI MEDICAL-SURGICAL PROCTORED STUDY GUIDE EXAM (QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS) Aspects of Health and Wellness - CORRECT ANSWER-Physical, Emotional, Social, Intellectual, Spiritual, Occupational, Environmental Illness-Wellness Continuum - CORRECT ANSWER-A Data Collection Tool Used to Measure the Level of Wellness to Premature Death Illness - CORRECT ANSWER-The Impairment of a Client's Physical , Social, Emotional, Spiritual, Developmental, or Intellectual Functioning Health & Wellness (Interventions) - CORRECT ANSWER-Recommend Strengthening Coping Abilities, Identify & Encourage Use of Support Systems, Identify & Find Ways to Reduce Obstacles, Assist with Development of Health Education to Improve Health Awareness. Emergency Nursing Principles - CORRECT ANSWER-ABCDE Principle A- Airway/Cervical Spine - CORRECT ANSWER-Airway Should be Opened with the Head-Tilt/Chin-Lift Maneuver, Do Not Perform On Clients With a Cervical Spine Injury B- Breathing - CORRECT ANSWER-Once a Patent Airway is Achieved, the Nurse Should Check for the Presence & Effectiveness of Breathing C- Circulation - CORRECT ANSWER-Nurses Should Check Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Peripheral Pulses, Capillary Refill for Adequate Perfusion Interventions for Restoring Effective Circulation - CORRECT ANSWER-Perform CPR, Check for External Bleeding, Hemorrhage Control, Assist with Infusion Isotonic IV Fluids Interventions to Alleviate Shock - CORRECT ANSWER-Administer Oxygen, Apply Pressure to Obvious Bleeding, Elevate Lower Extremities, Provide IV Fluids, Remain with Client Provide Reassurance & Support for Anxiety D- Disability - CORRECT ANSWER-A Quick Check to Determine the Client's Level of Consciousness (AVPU, Glasgow Coma Scale) AVPU - CORRECT ANSWER-Alert, Voice (Responsiveness to), Pain (Responsiveness to), Unresponsiveness E- Exposure - CORRECT ANSWER-Nurse Removes Client's Clothing to Collect Physical Findings, Always Remove When There are Injuries Related to Chemical & Thermal Burns, Preserve Items of Evidence , Hypothermia is a Huge Concern Preventing Hypothermia - CORRECT ANSWER-Remove Wet Clothing from the Client, Cover the Client with Warm Blankets, Increase Temperature of the Room, Use a Heat Lamp to Provide Additional Warmth, Assist with Infusion of Warmed IV Fluids Heat Exhaustion (Manifestations) - CORRECT ANSWER-Causes Tachycardia & Excessive Diaphoresis Leading to Dehydration, Receive Treatment for Dehydration & Low Sodium Heat Stroke (Manifestations) - CORRECT ANSWER-Elevated Temperature, Lack of Perspiration, Increased Heart Rate, Alterations in Mental Status, Abnormal Blood Potassium or Sodium Levels Preventing Hyperthermia - CORRECT ANSWER-Wear Lightweight Loose Fitting Clothing, Avoid Excessive Sun Exposure, Stay Indoors with Fans & AC, Limit Consumption of Alcohol & Caffeine, Take a Cool Shower or Bath Frostbite (Interventions) - CORRECT ANSWER-Clients Require Rewarming, Bathing Affected Areas in Warm Bath (104-108), Administer Tetanus Toxoid IM Vaccine to Prevent Complication Related to Growth of Tetanus in Wounds Poisoning (Interventions) - CORRECT ANSWER-Provide Measures for Respiratory Support, Monitor Compromised Circulation, Restore Fluids, Monitor Blood Pressure, Administer Diazepam for Seizures Poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER-Poisoning is Exposure to a Toxic Agent, Considered a Medical Emergency & Requires Rapid Management Therapy Types of Cardiac Emergencies - CORRECT ANSWER-Cardiac Arrest, Ventricular Fibrillation (VF), Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia (VT), Ventricular Asystole, Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA), Sudden Cardiac Death Emergency Nurse Certifications - CORRECT ANSWER-BLS, ACLS, Pediatric Advanced Life Support Cerebral Angiography - CORRECT ANSWER-Provides Visualization of the Cerebral Blood Vessels Cerebral Angiography (Indications) - CORRECT ANSWER-Used to Check the Blood Flow to & Within the Brain, Identify Aneurysms, & Define the Vascularity of Tumors Cerebral Angiography (Client Education) - CORRECT ANSWER-Void Immediately Prior to the Procedure, Common to Experience a Metallic Taste & Feel a Sensation of Warmth Behind the Eyes & Over the Face, Jaw, Tongue, Lips Cerebral Angiography (Complications) - CORRECT ANSWER-Risk for Bleeding & Hematoma Formation Cerebral Computed Tomography Scan - CORRECT ANSWER-Provides CrossSectional Images of the Cranial Cavity. A Contrast Medium can be used to Enhance the Images Cerebral Computed Tomography Scan (Indications) - CORRECT ANSWER-CT Scanning can be used to Identify Tumors & Infarctions, Detect Abnormalities, Monitor Response to Treatment, and Guide Needles Used for Biopsies Electroencephalography - CORRECT ANSWER-A Noninvasive Procedure that Checks the Electrical Activity of the Brain and is used to Determine Abnormalities in Brain Wave Patterns Electroencephalography (Indications) - CORRECT ANSWER-Most Commonly Performed to Identify & Determine Seizure Activity, But Also used to Detect Sleeping Disorders Electroencephalography (Client Education) - CORRECT ANSWER-Wash Hair to Eliminate all Gels, Oils, and Sprays; Avoid Taking any Stimulant or Sedative Medication 24-48 Hours Prior to the Procedure, May be Asked to Hyperventilate for 3-4 Minutes Glasgow Coma Scale - CORRECT ANSWER-This Data Collection Tool Concentrates on Neurologic Function and is Useful to Determine the Level of Consciousness and Monitor Response to Treatment Glasgow Coma Scale (Indications) - CORRECT ANSWER-Helpful in Determining Changes in the LOC for Clients Who Have Head Injuries, Space-Occupying Lesions or Cerebral Infarctions and Encephaltitis Intracranial Pressure Monitoring - CORRECT ANSWER-Device Inserted into the Cranial Cavity that Records Pressure and is Connected to a Monitor that Shows a Picture of the Pressure Waveforms Intracranial Pressure Monitoring (Indications) - CORRECT ANSWER-Useful for Early Identification and Treatment of Increased Intracranial Pressure Intracranial Pressure Monitoring (Manifestations) - CORRECT ANSWER-Severe Headache, Deteriorating LOC, Restlessness, Irritability, Dilated or Pinpoint Pupils, Slowness to React, Alteration in Breathing Pattern, Abnormal Posturing Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap) - CORRECT ANSWER-Procedure During Which a Small Amount of CSF is Withdrawn from the Spinal Canal then Analyze to Determine its Constituents Lumbar Puncture (Indications) - CORRECT ANSWER-Used to Detect the Presence of Some Diseases, Infections, and Malignancies. Used to Reduce CSF Pressure, Instill a Contrast Medium or Air for Diagnostic Tests, or Administer Medication or Chemotherapy Directly to Spinal Fluid Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan - CORRECT ANSWER-Provides Cross-Sectional Images of the Cranial Activity Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan (Indications) - CORRECT ANSWER-Used to Detect Abnormalities, Monitor Response to Treatment, and Guide Needles used for Biopsies PET & SPECT Scans - CORRECT ANSWER-Nuclear Medicine Procedures that Produce Three-Dimensional Images of the Head PET & SPECT Scans (Indications) - CORRECT ANSWER-Captures Regional Metabolic Processes, Which is Most Useful in Determining Tumor Activity and/or Response to Treatment Radiography (X-Ray) - CORRECT ANSWER-Uses Electromagnetic Radiation to Capture Images of the Internal Structures of an Individual Radiography (Indications) - CORRECT ANSWER-Examinations of the Skull and Spine can Reveal Fractures, Curvatures, Bone Erosion, and Dislocation, and Possible Soft Tissue Calcification, All of Which can Damage the Nervous System Types of Pain - CORRECT ANSWER-Acute, Chronic, Nociceptive, Neuropathic` Focused Pain Data Collection - CORRECT ANSWER-Location, Quality, Measures (Intensity, Strength, Severity), Timing, Setting, Associated Manifestations, Aggravating Factors Nonpharmacological Pain Management - CORRECT ANSWER-Mind-Body Practices, Cognitive Approaches, Natural Products, Pharmacological Interventions - CORRECT ANSWER-Non-Opioid Analgesics, Opioid Analgesics, Adjuvant Analgesics, Patient-Controlled Analgesics, Spinal-Cord Stimulators (Epidural) Complications of Pain Management - CORRECT ANSWER-Severe Anxiety, Depression, Sedation, Respiratory Distress, and Coma Meningitis - CORRECT ANSWER-Inflammation of the Meninges Meningitis (Expected Findings) - CORRECT ANSWER-Excruciating, Constant Headache, Stiff Neck, Photophobia, Fever & Chills, Altered LOC, Positive Kerning's Sign, Seizures, Positive Brudzinski's Sign Meningitis (Nursing Care) - CORRECT ANSWER-Maintain Isolation Precautions, Implement Fever-Reduction Measures, Decrease Environmental Stimuli, Monitor for ICP Meningitis (Medication) - CORRECT ANSWER-Ceftriaxone with Vancomycin, Phenytoin, Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, Ciprofloxacin, Rifampin Meningitis (Complications) - CORRECT ANSWER-Increased ICP, SIADH, Septic Emboli Seizures - CORRECT ANSWER-Abrupt, Abnormal, Excessive, and Uncontrolled Electrical Discharge of Neurons Within the Brain that can cause Alterations in the LOC and/or Changes in Motor and sensory Ability and/or Behavior Epilepsy - CORRECT ANSWER-Term used to Define Chronic Recurring Abnormal Brain Electrical Activity Resulting in Two or More Seizures Seizure & Epilepsy (Expected Findings) - CORRECT ANSWER-Generalized Seizures (Aura), Partial or Focal/Local Seizure, Unclassified or Idiopathic Seizures Seizure & Epilepsy (Nursing Care During a Seizure) - CORRECT ANSWER-Maintain Client Safety, Position Client to Provide Patent Airway, Loosen Restrictive Clothing, Turn Client to Side to Reduce Risk of Aspiration Seizure & Epilepsy Nursing Care After a Seizure) - CORRECT ANSWER-Maintain Client in Side-Lying Position, Perform Neuro Checks, Reorient Client, Determine if Client Experienced Aura Seizure & Epilepsy (Medications) - CORRECT ANSWER-Phenytoin (Take at Same Time Every Day), Valproic Acid, Carbamazepine Phenytoin (Adverse Reactions) - CORRECT ANSWER-Gingival Hyperplasia Seizure & Epilepsy (Therapeutic Procedures) - CORRECT ANSWER-Vagal Nerve Stimulator, Conventional Surgical Procedures Seizure & Epilepsy (Complications) - CORRECT ANSWER-Status Epilepticus Parkinson's Disease - CORRECT ANSWER-Progressively-Debilitating Disease that Grossly Affects Motor Function Parkinson's Disease (Expected Findings) - CORRECT ANSWER-Stooped Posture, Fatigue, Slow Shuffling Gait, Bradykinesia/Akinesia, Orthostatic Hypotension, Tremors, Muscle Rigidity, Dysphagia, Dysarthria Parkinson's Disease (Nursing Care) - CORRECT ANSWER-Administer Meds at Prescribed Times, Maintain Client Mobility as Long as Possible, Promote Client Communication, Monitor Mental & Cognitive Status, Maintain Adequate Hydration & Nutrition Parkinson's Disease (Medications) - CORRECT ANSWER-Dopaminergic (Levodopa), Dopamine Agonists (Bromocriptine, Ropinirole, Pramipexole), Anticholinergic (Benztropine), COMT Inhibitors (Entacapone), MAO-B Inhibitors (Selegiline, Rasagiline) Parkinson's Disease (Therapeutic Procedures) - CORRECT ANSWER-Stereotactic Pallidotomy or Thalamotomy, Deep Brain Stimulation Parkinson's Disease (Complications) - CORRECT ANSWER-Aspiration Pneumonia, Altered Cognition Alzheimer's Disease - CORRECT ANSWER-Nonreversible Type of Dementia that Progressively Develops Over Many Years Alzheimer's Disease (Stages) - CORRECT ANSWER-Mild (Early), Moderate (Middle), Severe (Late) Alzheimer's Disease (Early Stage) - CORRECT ANSWER-Memory Lapses, Losing or Misplacing Items, Difficulty Concentrating & Organizing, Short-Term Memory Loss, Trouble Remembering Names Alzheimer's Disease (Middle Stage) - CORRECT ANSWER-Forgetting Events of One's Own History, Difficulty Performing Tasks, Difficulty with Complex Mental Arithmetic, Changes in Sleep Patterns, Incontinent Alzheimer's Disease (Late Stage) - CORRECT ANSWER-Losing Ability to Converse with Others, Incontinence, Progressing Difficulty with Physical Abilities, Vulnerable to Infection, Eventually Losses All Ability to Move Alzheimer's Disease (Nursing Care) - CORRECT ANSWER-Check for any Cognitive Changes, Initiate Bowel & Bladder Schedule, Encourage Client & Family to Participate in AD Support Group, Provide Safe Environment, Provide Frequent Walks, Provide Verbal & Nonverbal Ways to Communicate with the Client, Provide Cognitive Stimulation, Maintain Sleeping Schedule, Provide Memory Training, Validation Therapy, Promote Self-Care, Reduce Agitation Alzheimer's Disease (Medications) - CORRECT ANSWER-Antipsychotics, Antidepressants, Anxiolytics, Donepezil, Memantine, Cholinterase Alzheimer's Disease (Therapeutic Procedures) - CORRECT ANSWER-Alternative (Ginkgo Biloba), Complimentary (Massage the Client Before Bedtime to Reduce Stress & Promote Sleep) Alzheimer's Disease (Client Education) - CORRECT ANSWER-Refer to Social Services & Case Managers for Long-Term/Home Management, Educate Family/Care Givers About Illness, Provide Information About Care for Seizure, Home Safety Stroke - CORRECT ANSWER-Involve Disruption in the Cerebral Blood Flow Secondary to Ischemia, Hemorrhage, Brain Attack, or Embolism Stroke (Expected Findings) - CORRECT ANSWER-Visual Disturbances, Dizziness, Slurred Speech, Weak Extremity Left Cerebral Hemisphere (Expected Findings) - CORRECT ANSWER-Expressive & Receptive Aphasia, Agnosia, Alexia, Agraphia, Hemiplegia, Hemiparesis, SlowCautious Behavior, Depression, Visual Changes Right Cerebral Hemisphere (Expected Findings) - CORRECT ANSWER-Altered Perception of Deficits, Unilateral Neglect Syndrome, Loss of Depth Perception, Poor Impulse Control & Judgement, Visual Changes Stroke (Nursing Care) - CORRECT ANSWER-Monitor Vital Signs Every 1-2 Hours, Monitor the Client's Temperature, Provide Oxygen Therapy, Place the Client on a Cardiac Monitor to Detect Arrhythmias, Monitor for Changes in LOC, Elevate HOB, Assist with Communication Skills, Assist with Safe Feeding, Prevent Complications of Immobility, Encourage ROM, Maintain a Safe Environment, Provide Assistance with ADLs Stroke (Medications) - CORRECT ANSWER-Thrombolytic Medications Reteplase Recombinant, Anticoagulants, Direct Oral Anticoagulants, Antiplatelet, Antiepileptic Medications Stroke (Therapeutic Procedures) - CORRECT ANSWER-Carotid Artery Angioplasty with Stenting, Carotid Endarterectomy Stroke (Complications) - CORRECT ANSWER-Dysphagia & Aspiration, Unilateral Neglect Multiple Sclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Chronic Neurologic Disease that Typically Results in Impaired & Worsening Function of Voluntary Muscles Multiple Sclerosis (Expected Findings) - CORRECT ANSWER-Fatigue, Pain or Paresthesia, Diplopia, Dysphagia, Nystagmus, Dysarthria, Bladder Dysfunction, Cognitive Changes Multiple Sclerosis (Nursing Care) - CORRECT ANSWER-Monitor for Physical Changes, Discuss Coping Mechanisms & Sources of Support, Encourage Fluid Intake, Monitor Cognitive Changes, Facilitate Effective Communication, Exercise & Stretch Involved Muscles, Promote Energy Conservation by Grouping Care, Promote & Maintain Safe Home & Hospital Environment to Reduce Risk of Injury Multiple Sclerosis (Medications) - CORRECT ANSWER-Immunomodulators (Interferon Beta-1A & Beta-1B), Prednisone, Dexamethasone, Methylprednisolone, Dantrolene, Tizanidine, Baclofen, Diazepam, Carbamazepine, Docusate Sodium, Anticholinergics, Propranolol & Clonazepam, Amantadine, Pemoline Migraine Headaches (Expected Findings) - CORRECT ANSWER-Photophobia & Phonophobia, Nausea & Vomiting, Stress Anxiety, Unilateral Pain Migraine Headaches (Expected Findings With Aura) - CORRECT ANSWER-Numbness & Tingling of the Facial Area, Severe Incapacitating, Throbbing Headache, Aura Lasts 1 Hour Migraine Headaches (Expected Findings Without Aura) - CORRECT ANSWER-Pain is Aggravated by Physical Activity, Unilateral Pulsating Pain, Photophobia, Phonophobia, Nausea, Vomiting Migraine Headaches (Nursing Care) - CORRECT ANSWER-Maintain a Cool, Dark, Quiet Environment, Elevate HOB to 30 Degrees, Administer Medications as Prescribed Migraine Headaches (Medications) - CORRECT ANSWER-Abortive Therapy (NSAIDs, Acetaminophen, Antiemetics, Triptan, Ergotamine), Preventative Therapy (NSAIDs with Beta Blocker, Calcium Channel Blocker, Beta Adrenergic Blocker) Migraine Headaches (Client Education) - CORRECT ANSWER-Trigger Avoidance & Management, Complementary & Alternative Therapies Cluster Headaches (Expected Findings) - CORRECT ANSWER-Brief Episode of Intense Unilateral, Non-throbbing Pain, No Aura or Preliminary Manifestations, Facial Sweating, Drooping Eyelid, Eyelid Edema, Miosis Cluster Headaches (Medications) - CORRECT ANSWER-Triptans, Ergotamine, Antiepileptic, Calcium Channel blockers, Corticosteroids Cluster Headaches (Therapeutic Procedures) - CORRECT ANSWER-Home Oxygen Therapy