General Microbiology (100% correct)

Classification of organisms correct answers Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Phylogenetic trees correct answers a branching diagram that represents a hypothesis about the evolutionary history of a group of organisms Types of microbes correct answers bacteria, archeae, fungi, molds, yeasts, protozoa, algae, viruses, multicellular animal parasites rRNA correct answers The RNA component of the ribosome, and is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms. Theory of RNA as the original hereditary material. correct answers original molecule must have fulfilled protein and hereditary function. Earliest cells may have been RNA surrounded by liposomes. Endosymbiosis correct answers A process in which a unicellular organism (the "host") engulfs another cell, which lives within the host cell and ultimately becomes an organelle in the host cell; also refers to the hypothesis that mitochondria and plastids were formerly small prokaryotes that began living within larger cells. Horizontal gene transfer correct answers A process in which an organism incorporates genetic material from another organism without being the offspring of that organism. Spontaneous generation correct answers A hypothetical organic phenomenon by which living organisms are created from nonliving matter. Van Leeuwenhoek correct answers First person to observe and describe microorganisms accurately. John Needham correct answers Heated broth in sealed flasks.When the broth became cloudy with microrganisms, he mistakenly concluded that they developed spontaneously from the broth. Lazzaro Spallanzani correct answers Boiled open and closed flasks of broth to disprove spontaneous generation. Louis Pasteur correct answers A French chemist, this man discovered that heat could kill bacteria that otherwise spoiled liquids including milk, wine, and beer. Joseph Lister correct answers A surgeon who used carbolic acid to control wound infection. Edward Jenner correct answers Used a vaccination procedure to protect individuals from smallpox.