Maryville NURS 611 Exam 2;

Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus - ANSWER Swelling commonly seen after traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to dangerous increases in intracranial pressure. This increase can push on the pituitary leading to decreased ADH secretion = polyuria. Parasympathetic Nervous System - ANSWER Mediated by acetylcholine; controls rest and digest; conserves energy and the body's resources; controls everyday metabolism Sympathetic Nervous System - ANSWER Mediated by catecholamines (epi and norepi); prepares the body for fight or flight; mobilizes energy stores -- releases insulin; redistributes blood flow - increased to muscles, decreased to GI/integumentary Focal brain injury - ANSWER Specific lesions that are observable on imaging; epidural or subdural hemorrhage Diffuse brain injury - ANSWER Injuries involving widespread areas of the brain; may be difficult to detect and define because damage is often microscopic; hypoxia is the number 1 cause; other causes include meningitis or encephalitis Autonomic Dysreflexia (below the lesion) - ANSWER Faulty control of sweating because the hypothalmus is unable to regulate body heat due to SNS damage; pale, cool skin Autonomic Dysreflexia (general) - ANSWER A complication occurring in a person who has a spinal cord injury above T6 Autonomic Dysreflexia (above the lesion) - ANSWER Paroxysmal hypertension (up to 300 mmHg systolic), piloerection, and sweating with flushing of the skin; headache, bradycardia Delirium - ANSWER Acute onset, short duration; often associated with UTI, resolves with treatment; attention and orientation are impaired; patient can be agitated, disorganized, and have hallucinations Dementia - ANSWER Usually insidious with chronic slow decline; attention and orientation are often intact early in the progression; no overt behavioral signs early Alzheimer Disease - ANSWER Leading cause of dementia; greatest risk factors are age and family history; specific diagnosis is made by postmortem examination Stroke (incidence) - ANSWER Two times higher in blacks than whites; tends to run in families; most common are ischemic Stroke (Risk Factors) - ANSWER Hypertension, Insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, Hightotal cholesterol or low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, elevated lipoprotein-A level, Heart disease and peripheral vascular disease, Polycythemia and thrombocythemia, Atrial fibrillation, Postmenopausal hormone therapy, High sodium intake, 2300 mg; low potassium intake, 4700 mg, Smoking, Physical inactivity, Obesity BMI 30, Chronic sleep deprivation Right-sided homonymous hemianopsia - ANSWER Visual field loss to the side of the vertical midline. In this case left-sided peripheral vision will be intact, but right side is lost Middle cerebral artery stroke s/s - ANSWER Contralateral hemiparesis or hemiplegia (upper extremities greater than lower); expressive disorder with anomia (inability to name objects); nonfluent aphasia, comprehension defects; Cheyne-Stokes respirations Guillain-Barre - ANSWER An autoimmune disease that is preceded by an infection; with the outbreak of Zika, there has been an increase in cases; weakness plateaus around week 4 in most cases and strength can be regained