Communication
in English
Samenvatting: Communication
in English
2022-2023
1AF
Lector P.
,Inhoudsopgave
1. Revision tenses .................................................................................................................................. 4
Tenses ................................................................................................................................................................... 4
2. Spelling .............................................................................................................................................. 6
Mistakes never to be made .................................................................................................................................. 6
Punctuation ........................................................................................................................................................ 10
Latin expressions ................................................................................................................................................ 10
3. Prepositions ..................................................................................................................................... 11
Prepositions of time............................................................................................................................................ 11
Prepositions ........................................................................................................................................................ 11
4. Adjectives and adverbs ..................................................................................................................... 12
Adjectives ........................................................................................................................................................... 12
2 of 3 adjectives = order ..................................................................................................................................... 13
Adjectives and adverbs....................................................................................................................................... 13
Adverbs ............................................................................................................................................................... 14
Adverbs – use ..................................................................................................................................................... 14
5. Degrees of comparison ..................................................................................................................... 15
Degrees of comparison: 3 forms ........................................................................................................................ 15
Short adjectives .................................................................................................................................................. 15
Long adjectives ................................................................................................................................................... 15
Irregular forms ................................................................................................................................................... 16
Adverbs ............................................................................................................................................................... 16
Use of comparative adjectives and adverbs....................................................................................................... 17
6. Passive voice .................................................................................................................................... 18
Formation ........................................................................................................................................................... 18
Table ................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Recognising passive voice .................................................................................................................................. 19
7. Conditionals ..................................................................................................................................... 20
Conditionals ........................................................................................................................................................ 20
Conditional (type 0) ............................................................................................................................................ 20
2
, Conditional (type 1) ............................................................................................................................................ 21
Probability (type 2) ............................................................................................................................................. 21
Conditional (type 3) ............................................................................................................................................ 21
Conditional (mixed: type 3 + 2) .......................................................................................................................... 22
8. Phrasal verbs.................................................................................................................................... 23
Draw diagrams ................................................................................................................................................... 23
9. Quantifiers ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Usage.................................................................................................................................................................. 26
Much & many ..................................................................................................................................................... 26
Few, a few = countable ...................................................................................................................................... 26
Little, a little = uncountable................................................................................................................................ 27
Some = both........................................................................................................................................................ 27
Any = both .......................................................................................................................................................... 27
10. Used to vs to be / to get used to ................................................................................................... 28
Usage.................................................................................................................................................................. 28
11. Email............................................................................................................................................ 29
Examples............................................................................................................................................................. 29
Sample emails..................................................................................................................................................... 30
12. Extra ............................................................................................................................................ 32
Vocabulary (link)................................................................................................................................................. 32
Description.......................................................................................................................................................... 32
Signal words ....................................................................................................................................................... 32
3
,1. Revision tenses
Tenses
The Simple Present:
• Habits:
o I work
o I don’t work
The Present Continuous:
• Now:
o I am working
o I’m not working
The Simple Past:
• Completely over:
o I worked
o I didn’t work
The Past Continuous:
• Actions that were happening in the past:
o I was working
o I wasn’t working
The Present Perfect:
• Just finished or action connected to the present:
o I have worked
o I haven’t worked
The Present Perfect Continuous:
• Actions started in the past that are still going on or about to end or change:
o I have been working
o I haven’t been working
The Past Perfect:
• Actions of the past before other actions in the past, unrealised hopes and wishes:
o I had worked
o I hadn’t worked
The Past Perfect Continuous:
• Long actions or situations which continued a certain point in the past, temporary action or
situation in the past that happened before another action or situation in the past:
o I had been working
o I hadn’t been working
4
,The Simple Future:
• Prediction in future, promises, offering help and certainty (zekerheid)
o I will/shall work
o I won’t/shouldn’t work
The Future Continuous:
• Actions that will be happening at a certain time in the future and asking politely about
someone’s plans or intentions:
o I will/shall be working
o I won’t/shouldn’t be working
The Future Perfect:
• Express something that will have happened by, or will be completed before a certain time in
the future and what we think or guess what has probably happened:
o I will/shall have worked
o I won’t/shouldn’t have worked
The Future Perfect Continuous:
• Stress the duration of an action up to a particular time in the future:
o I will/shall have been working
o I won’t/shouldn’t have been working
5
,2. Spelling
Mistakes never to be made
To – too:
• To:
o Deel van een infinitief:
▪ To walk, to eat, to go
o Voorzetsel: tot, met, naar:
▪ I talk to my teacher
▪ I’m going to school
• Too:
o Also (ook):
▪ I think so too
o Te:
▪ He’s too young to see that film
-ful – full:
• -ful:
o To make the word complete:
▪ Beautiful, wonderful, successful
▪ Beautifully, wonderfully, succesfully
• Full:
o Vol:
▪ My glass is full
Whose – who’s:
• Whose:
o Possessive: wiens, van wie:
▪ The man whose hat has been stolen, is very angry now
• Who’s:
o Who’s stolen the car? (= who has)
o Who’s the boss here? (= who is)
Than – then:
• Than:
o Vergelijking:
▪ He is older than me
• Then:
o Tijd:
▪ First we went to the restaurant and then we went to the film
6
, Want – won’t:
• Want:
o Willen:
▪ Please mum, I really want to go to that party!
• Won’t:
o Niet zullen, zullen niet:
▪ You won’t go to Italy this year!
Of – off:
• Of:
o Possessive: van:
▪ The end of the year
▪ The hat of my father
• Off:
o Ver, eraf gehaald, weg → used in idiomatic expressions:
▪ The exams are so far off that I’m not even thinking about them yet
There – their – they’re:
• There:
o Plaats:
▪ Where’s my cat? There!
• Their:
o Possessive: hun:
▪ This is their house
• They’re:
o They are:
▪ They’re too late for school
It’s – its:
• It’s:
o It is:
▪ It’s a long way to New York
• Its:
o Possessive:
▪ The car lost one of its tires
7
in English
Samenvatting: Communication
in English
2022-2023
1AF
Lector P.
,Inhoudsopgave
1. Revision tenses .................................................................................................................................. 4
Tenses ................................................................................................................................................................... 4
2. Spelling .............................................................................................................................................. 6
Mistakes never to be made .................................................................................................................................. 6
Punctuation ........................................................................................................................................................ 10
Latin expressions ................................................................................................................................................ 10
3. Prepositions ..................................................................................................................................... 11
Prepositions of time............................................................................................................................................ 11
Prepositions ........................................................................................................................................................ 11
4. Adjectives and adverbs ..................................................................................................................... 12
Adjectives ........................................................................................................................................................... 12
2 of 3 adjectives = order ..................................................................................................................................... 13
Adjectives and adverbs....................................................................................................................................... 13
Adverbs ............................................................................................................................................................... 14
Adverbs – use ..................................................................................................................................................... 14
5. Degrees of comparison ..................................................................................................................... 15
Degrees of comparison: 3 forms ........................................................................................................................ 15
Short adjectives .................................................................................................................................................. 15
Long adjectives ................................................................................................................................................... 15
Irregular forms ................................................................................................................................................... 16
Adverbs ............................................................................................................................................................... 16
Use of comparative adjectives and adverbs....................................................................................................... 17
6. Passive voice .................................................................................................................................... 18
Formation ........................................................................................................................................................... 18
Table ................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Recognising passive voice .................................................................................................................................. 19
7. Conditionals ..................................................................................................................................... 20
Conditionals ........................................................................................................................................................ 20
Conditional (type 0) ............................................................................................................................................ 20
2
, Conditional (type 1) ............................................................................................................................................ 21
Probability (type 2) ............................................................................................................................................. 21
Conditional (type 3) ............................................................................................................................................ 21
Conditional (mixed: type 3 + 2) .......................................................................................................................... 22
8. Phrasal verbs.................................................................................................................................... 23
Draw diagrams ................................................................................................................................................... 23
9. Quantifiers ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Usage.................................................................................................................................................................. 26
Much & many ..................................................................................................................................................... 26
Few, a few = countable ...................................................................................................................................... 26
Little, a little = uncountable................................................................................................................................ 27
Some = both........................................................................................................................................................ 27
Any = both .......................................................................................................................................................... 27
10. Used to vs to be / to get used to ................................................................................................... 28
Usage.................................................................................................................................................................. 28
11. Email............................................................................................................................................ 29
Examples............................................................................................................................................................. 29
Sample emails..................................................................................................................................................... 30
12. Extra ............................................................................................................................................ 32
Vocabulary (link)................................................................................................................................................. 32
Description.......................................................................................................................................................... 32
Signal words ....................................................................................................................................................... 32
3
,1. Revision tenses
Tenses
The Simple Present:
• Habits:
o I work
o I don’t work
The Present Continuous:
• Now:
o I am working
o I’m not working
The Simple Past:
• Completely over:
o I worked
o I didn’t work
The Past Continuous:
• Actions that were happening in the past:
o I was working
o I wasn’t working
The Present Perfect:
• Just finished or action connected to the present:
o I have worked
o I haven’t worked
The Present Perfect Continuous:
• Actions started in the past that are still going on or about to end or change:
o I have been working
o I haven’t been working
The Past Perfect:
• Actions of the past before other actions in the past, unrealised hopes and wishes:
o I had worked
o I hadn’t worked
The Past Perfect Continuous:
• Long actions or situations which continued a certain point in the past, temporary action or
situation in the past that happened before another action or situation in the past:
o I had been working
o I hadn’t been working
4
,The Simple Future:
• Prediction in future, promises, offering help and certainty (zekerheid)
o I will/shall work
o I won’t/shouldn’t work
The Future Continuous:
• Actions that will be happening at a certain time in the future and asking politely about
someone’s plans or intentions:
o I will/shall be working
o I won’t/shouldn’t be working
The Future Perfect:
• Express something that will have happened by, or will be completed before a certain time in
the future and what we think or guess what has probably happened:
o I will/shall have worked
o I won’t/shouldn’t have worked
The Future Perfect Continuous:
• Stress the duration of an action up to a particular time in the future:
o I will/shall have been working
o I won’t/shouldn’t have been working
5
,2. Spelling
Mistakes never to be made
To – too:
• To:
o Deel van een infinitief:
▪ To walk, to eat, to go
o Voorzetsel: tot, met, naar:
▪ I talk to my teacher
▪ I’m going to school
• Too:
o Also (ook):
▪ I think so too
o Te:
▪ He’s too young to see that film
-ful – full:
• -ful:
o To make the word complete:
▪ Beautiful, wonderful, successful
▪ Beautifully, wonderfully, succesfully
• Full:
o Vol:
▪ My glass is full
Whose – who’s:
• Whose:
o Possessive: wiens, van wie:
▪ The man whose hat has been stolen, is very angry now
• Who’s:
o Who’s stolen the car? (= who has)
o Who’s the boss here? (= who is)
Than – then:
• Than:
o Vergelijking:
▪ He is older than me
• Then:
o Tijd:
▪ First we went to the restaurant and then we went to the film
6
, Want – won’t:
• Want:
o Willen:
▪ Please mum, I really want to go to that party!
• Won’t:
o Niet zullen, zullen niet:
▪ You won’t go to Italy this year!
Of – off:
• Of:
o Possessive: van:
▪ The end of the year
▪ The hat of my father
• Off:
o Ver, eraf gehaald, weg → used in idiomatic expressions:
▪ The exams are so far off that I’m not even thinking about them yet
There – their – they’re:
• There:
o Plaats:
▪ Where’s my cat? There!
• Their:
o Possessive: hun:
▪ This is their house
• They’re:
o They are:
▪ They’re too late for school
It’s – its:
• It’s:
o It is:
▪ It’s a long way to New York
• Its:
o Possessive:
▪ The car lost one of its tires
7
