Opioid Overdose Treatment Exam Solved 100% Correct 2023

Opioids act at opioid receptors - ANSWER-Opioids target a family of G/protein coupled receptors Major domains of activity altered by opioids - ANSWER-Reward, reactivity to pain, drive to breathe, intestinal movement Symptoms of opioid overdose - ANSWER-Slow breathing (< 1 breath/ 5s) shallowing breathing, or no breathing Snoring or gurgling noises while asleep or nodding out Vomiting Blue/pale lips, skin, or fingernails (due to lack of O2 by lowering breathing) Pale or clammy face No response to sternal knuckle rub Factors influence opioid overdose - ANSWER-Drug related factors: high doses, combination w/ other CNS depressants, long-term use Patient-related factors: breathing disorders, poor kidney or liver function, depression, substance-use disorder, history of oberdose Opioids have a relatively narrow range between beneficial and toxic effects - ANSWER-TI(therapeutic index)= TD50(Toxic effect)/ED50(Therapeutic effect) High doses of opioids increase drive to take more opioids through reward signals in VTA (ventral regimental area)/ Brainstem Use of other CNS depressant increase risk of fatal overdose when taken with opioids - ANSWER-Benzodiazepines: Alprazolam (Xanax) Clonazepam (Klonopin) Diazepam (Librium) alcohol