Module 2 Exam Portage Learning Microbio 171 BIOD Already Passed

Module 2 Exam Portage Learning Microbio 171 BIOD Already Passed True or false: metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life. True True or false: enzymes slow down chemical reactions to conserve energy false, they speed up (catalyze) chemical reactions The term for metal ions that assist enzymes during the catalysis reaction cofactors What is catabolism? The process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energy sources Upon cellular injury, which metabolic process is involved during the growth and repair phases of the cell. anabolism An organism that obtains its energy (derives ATP) from photons of light is called a __________________ phototrophic microorganism An organism that derives its energy by removing electrons from elemental sulfur would be classified as a ____________ Lithotroph Describe the energy transfer process relative to both ADP and ATP ATP has the energy (phosphate group) to donate, and ADP can accept energy in the form of a phosphate group. Thus, ATP can be dephosphorylated (ATP----- ADP + Pi), while ADP can be dephosphorylated into ATP (ADP + Pi ----- ATP) This phosphorylation process occurs in the mitochondria of chemotropic eukaryotes oxidative phosphorylation The catabolism of a single molecule of glucose goes through what three transitions The breakdown of glucose goes through 1. glycolysis 2. fermentation or respiration and then 3. electron transport chain ETC True or false: in the absence of absence of oxygen fermentation produces 2 ATP false what is the primary byproduct of the TCA cycle select NADH and FADH2 True or false: in the absence of oxygen fermentation produces 2 ATP False, it does not produce any additional ATP True or false: the reactants of the TCA cycle directly enter and fuel the electron transport system False What are the main two roles of glucose 6 - phosphate in the cell? G6P 1. prevents glucose from diffusing out of the cell and 2. serves as a signal molecule to the cell that glycolysis is about to begin. What is the most energetic transition in the catabolism of glucose? The ETC yields 34 ATP while both glycolysis and fermentation (or respiration) yield only 2 ATP The reactants of the chemical equation are to the _____ of the arrow left In the absence of glucose, what cannot be used as alternative energy source? nucleic acids For the catabolism of proteins and lipids, which enzymes are used? lipases and proteases what is true pertaining to the light reactions of photosynthesis? Results in the formation of ATP and NADPH, it is known as photophosphorylation, process results in a proton concentration gradient, converts light energy into chem energy, first step of photosynthesis, occur in the membrane True or false: The B- oxidation pathway is responsible for the anabolism of fatty acid chains false, the B oxidation pathway is responsible for the catabolism of fatty acid chains True or false: Plants, algae, and bacteria all have chloroplasts false How many turns or repetitions of the Calvin cycle are required to generate one molecule of glucose? six True or false, dark reactions can take place in the presence or absence of light True, the term dark reactions (also known as Calvin cycle) simple denotes the second stage of photosynthesis - does not actually require darkness Describe the relationship between chloroplasts and chlorophyll both are associated with photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are the double membrane enclosed organelles that contain the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll the process of carbon fixation begins with reactants: ATP, CO2, NADPH, H2O MEMORIZE THE NUMBERS 6, 18, 12, 12, 18, 12 A-B+H2O -A-OH+B-H Hydrolases A-B-B-A Isomerases A+B-A-B Ligases A-B-A+B Lyases