Radiographic Pathology Chapter 2

Radiographic Pathology Chapter 2 206 bones - ANS-how many bones is in the human body 80 bones - ANS-axial skeleton 126 bone - ANS-appendicular skeleton compact bone - ANS-outer portion of the bone medullary canal - ANS-inner portion of the bone (bone marrow) cancellous bone - ANS-medullary canal made of this type of bone trabeculae - ANS-the spongy substance found with in the bone; it gives a characteristic appearance to bone details (spongy) trabecular pattern - ANS-the arrangement of supportive strands of connective tissue of the alveolar bone in relation to the bone marrow spaces within the cancellous bone diploe - ANS-specific to cancellous bone located within the skull red bone marrow - ANS-responsible for the production of bone erythrocytes and leukocytes (replaced by fat (yellow) @ age 20) Bone cells - osteoblasts - ANS-bone forming cells that lining medullary canal and interspaced throughout the periosteum Bone cells - osteoclasts - ANS-specialized cells that break down bone to enlarge medullary canal and allow for bone growth diaphysis - ANS-shaft portion of the long bone that is primary site of ossification epiphysis - ANS-expanded end portion of the long bone and is secondary site of ossification metaphysis - ANS-growth zone between epiphysis and diaphysis, the area of the greatest metabolic activity of the bone cartilaginous growth plate - ANS-located between the metaphysis and epiphysis in the bone of the growing child periosteum - ANS-fibrous membrane that encloses all of the bone except the joint surfaces and is crucial to supplying blood to the underlying bone MRI - ANS-extremely useful in evaluation of joints -shows abnormal/normal tissue invading tumors/bone CT - ANS-has the ability to define the presents and extent of fractures or dislocations -shows exact location, extent of tumor, biopsies can be performed nuclear medicine - ANS-the ability to look at the entire body at one time; examination of metastatic processes -identifies Neoplastic disease & mets -anything cellular osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease) - ANS-congenital disease in with the bones are abnormally brittle and subject to fracture achondroplasia - ANS-most common inherited disorder that affecting the skeletal system, which results in bone deformity and dwarfism osteopetrosis, marble bone Technique used: - ANS-an increase in bone density and defective bone contours, often referred as skeletal modeling - brittle Increase albers-achonberg disease - ANS-form of osteosclerotic osteopetrosis, benign skeletal anomaly involves increased bone density in conjunction with fairly normal bone contour craniotubular dysplasias - ANS-an overgrow of bone of the face and skull resulting in sclerosis and major skeletal deformities syndactyle - ANS-failure of the toes and finger to separate webbed digits polydactyly - ANS-presence of extra digits clubfoot aka talipes - ANS-congenital malformation of the foot involving the talus Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) aka Congenital dysplasia of the hip (CDH) - ANS-abnormal development of the hip joint which results in misalignment/ malformation of the femoral head and the acetabulum of the pelvis scoliosis is aka a vertebral anomaly - ANS-abnormal lateral curvature of the spine does not generally become visually apparent until adolescence transitional vertebra - ANS-vertebra that takes on the characteristics of both vertebra on each side of a major division of the spine... Continues...