EXAMINATION & QUESTIONS IN BASIC
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
MARTIN CAON, 2ND EDITION
2400 Multiple Choice Questions and Answers
Complete Test Bank | Latest 2022
Med C File 2022
, 2
Table of Contents
1 Organisation of the Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Cells and Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1 Cells and Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 Cell Cycle (Mitosis and Protein Synthesis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3 Measurement, Errors, Data and Unit Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4 Chemistry for Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.1 Atoms and Molecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.2 Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4.3 Diffusion and Osmosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4.4 Tonicity, Moles and Osmoles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4.5 Acids, Bases and Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4.6 Organic Chemistry and Macromolecules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
5 Integument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
6 Homeostasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
7 Skeleton and Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
8 Muscles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
9 Gastrointestinal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
10 Endocrine System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
11 Renal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
12 Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
12.1 Blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
12.2 Heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
12.3 Blood Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
12.4 Pressure: The Physics of Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
12.5 Pressure Applied to the Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
12.6 Blood Pressure and Its Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
13 Respiratory System ....................................................................................369
13.1 Anatomy and Physiology ..................................................................369
13.2 Pressure Applied to the Respiratory System .....................................393
14 Nervous System ..........................................................................................405
14.1 Cells and Action Potential.................................................................405
14.2 Brain and Spinal Cord Anatomy .......................................................420
14.3 Autonomic Nervous System, Neurotransmitters, and Reflexes ........440
14.4 Special Senses (Eye and Ear) ............................................................454
14.4.1 Eye ........................................................................................454
14.4.2 Ear .........................................................................................465
Med C File 2022
, 15 Reproductive System .................................................................................475
16 Waves, Light Waves, Sound Waves and Ultrasound
(The Physics of) ..........................................................................................493
16.1 Waves................................................................................................493
16.2 Light Waves ......................................................................................498
16.3 Sound ................................................................................................502
16.4 Ultrasound .........................................................................................506
17 Ionising Radiation ......................................................................................511
17.1 Medical Imaging with X-Radiation ..................................................511
17.2 Radioactivity, Radiotherapy, Nuclear Medicine
and Radiation Safety .........................................................................519
18 Electricity ....................................................................................................539
19 Biomechanics ..............................................................................................551
20 Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss..............................................567
21 Essay Topics for a Written Assignment Assessment
in Anatomy and Physiology .......................................................................585
Med C File 2022
, 4
Chapter 1
Organisation of the Body
1. Which of the listed terms is described by: “All the chemical processes that take
place in the organelles and cytoplasm the cells of the body”?
A. Metabolism
B. Cellular respiration
C. Homeostasis
D. Physiology
Answer is A: The quoted statement is a definition of metabolism.
2. Which major organ lies deep to the right hypochondriac region?
A. The stomach
B. The spleen
C. The liver
D. The duodenum
Answer is C: Hypochondriac = below the rib cartilage; liver is located mostly on the
right side.
3. Which plane of the body divides it into dorsal and ventral regions?
A. Transverse
B. Axial
C. Coronal
D. Sagittal
Answer is C: Dorsal and ventral = front and back – a coronal section so divides the
body into these sections.
4. To which of the following does the “tissue level” of structural organisation refer?
A. Atoms, ions, molecules and electrolytes
B. Mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum
C. Nephron, alveolus, villus, lobule
D. Muscle, nervous, connective, epithelial
Answer is D: The listed structures are the four major tissue types.
5. The directional term “superior” in anatomy means which of the following?
A. Cephalic
B. Ventral
C. Closer to the top of the head
Med C File 2022
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
MARTIN CAON, 2ND EDITION
2400 Multiple Choice Questions and Answers
Complete Test Bank | Latest 2022
Med C File 2022
, 2
Table of Contents
1 Organisation of the Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Cells and Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1 Cells and Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 Cell Cycle (Mitosis and Protein Synthesis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3 Measurement, Errors, Data and Unit Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4 Chemistry for Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.1 Atoms and Molecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.2 Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4.3 Diffusion and Osmosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4.4 Tonicity, Moles and Osmoles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4.5 Acids, Bases and Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4.6 Organic Chemistry and Macromolecules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
5 Integument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
6 Homeostasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
7 Skeleton and Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
8 Muscles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
9 Gastrointestinal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
10 Endocrine System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
11 Renal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
12 Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
12.1 Blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
12.2 Heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
12.3 Blood Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
12.4 Pressure: The Physics of Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
12.5 Pressure Applied to the Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
12.6 Blood Pressure and Its Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
13 Respiratory System ....................................................................................369
13.1 Anatomy and Physiology ..................................................................369
13.2 Pressure Applied to the Respiratory System .....................................393
14 Nervous System ..........................................................................................405
14.1 Cells and Action Potential.................................................................405
14.2 Brain and Spinal Cord Anatomy .......................................................420
14.3 Autonomic Nervous System, Neurotransmitters, and Reflexes ........440
14.4 Special Senses (Eye and Ear) ............................................................454
14.4.1 Eye ........................................................................................454
14.4.2 Ear .........................................................................................465
Med C File 2022
, 15 Reproductive System .................................................................................475
16 Waves, Light Waves, Sound Waves and Ultrasound
(The Physics of) ..........................................................................................493
16.1 Waves................................................................................................493
16.2 Light Waves ......................................................................................498
16.3 Sound ................................................................................................502
16.4 Ultrasound .........................................................................................506
17 Ionising Radiation ......................................................................................511
17.1 Medical Imaging with X-Radiation ..................................................511
17.2 Radioactivity, Radiotherapy, Nuclear Medicine
and Radiation Safety .........................................................................519
18 Electricity ....................................................................................................539
19 Biomechanics ..............................................................................................551
20 Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss..............................................567
21 Essay Topics for a Written Assignment Assessment
in Anatomy and Physiology .......................................................................585
Med C File 2022
, 4
Chapter 1
Organisation of the Body
1. Which of the listed terms is described by: “All the chemical processes that take
place in the organelles and cytoplasm the cells of the body”?
A. Metabolism
B. Cellular respiration
C. Homeostasis
D. Physiology
Answer is A: The quoted statement is a definition of metabolism.
2. Which major organ lies deep to the right hypochondriac region?
A. The stomach
B. The spleen
C. The liver
D. The duodenum
Answer is C: Hypochondriac = below the rib cartilage; liver is located mostly on the
right side.
3. Which plane of the body divides it into dorsal and ventral regions?
A. Transverse
B. Axial
C. Coronal
D. Sagittal
Answer is C: Dorsal and ventral = front and back – a coronal section so divides the
body into these sections.
4. To which of the following does the “tissue level” of structural organisation refer?
A. Atoms, ions, molecules and electrolytes
B. Mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum
C. Nephron, alveolus, villus, lobule
D. Muscle, nervous, connective, epithelial
Answer is D: The listed structures are the four major tissue types.
5. The directional term “superior” in anatomy means which of the following?
A. Cephalic
B. Ventral
C. Closer to the top of the head
Med C File 2022
