Biology EOC Study Exam Questions And Answers With Complete Solutions

What is the pH scale based on? correct answer: the measure of H+ ions in a solution (lower is more H+ and higher is more OH-) What is a pH of 1-6? correct answer: acidic What is a pH of 7? correct answer: neutral what is a pH of 8-14? correct answer: basic What is a buffer? correct answer: a compound used to neutralize acids & bases to stabilize pH When is a substance considered acid rain? correct answer: when it is below 5.6 What are all organisms made of? correct answer: organic compounds What element do all organic compounds contain? correct answer: carbon What are the four organic compounds? correct answer: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids What is the monomer of a carbohydrate? correct answer: monosaccharide What is the function of carbohydrates? correct answer: energy source and structure What are the tests for carbohydrates? correct answer: glucose is Benedicts, and starch is iodine What are examples of carbohydrates? correct answer: cellulose, starch, glycogen What are the monomers of lipids? correct answer: fatty acids and glycerol What is the function of lipids? correct answer: energy storage and insulation What is the test for lipids? correct answer: brown paper test What are examples of lipids? correct answer: fats and steroids What is the monomer of nucleic acids? correct answer: nucleotides What is the function of nucleic acids? correct answer: to carry genetic information What are examples of nucleic acids? correct answer: DNA and RNA What is the monomer of proteins? correct answer: amino acids What is the function of proteins? correct answer: building and repairing cells, communication, transport, and regulation What is the test for proteins? correct answer: biurets What are examples of proteins? correct answer: enzymes and hemoglobin What are enzymes? correct answer: catalysts that are reusable What does a catalyst do? correct answer: speeds up chemical reactions Enzymes are specific to a particular what? correct answer: substrate What are enzymes affected by? correct answer: temperature and pH What are the two types of cells? correct answer: prokaryotes and eukaryotes What are prokaryotes? correct answer: simple, no membrane bound organelles, one circular chromosome What type of organisms are all prokaryotes? correct answer: bacteria What do all prokaryotes include? correct answer: chromosome, ribosomes, and plasma membrane What are eukaryotes? correct answer: membrane bound organelles with a true nucleus containing chromosomes What types of organisms are eukaryotes? correct answer: plants and animals What is the nucleus? correct answer: controls the cells activities and contains chromosomes What is the mitochondria? correct answer: power house of the cell What does the mitochondria produce? correct answer: ATP energy What is the mitochondria the site of? correct answer: aerobic respiration Where are chloroplasts found? correct answer: plant cells What are chloroplasts? correct answer: the site of photosynthesis and they contain the pigment chlorophyll What are vacuoles? correct answer: storage of excess materials How many vacuoles do plant cells contain? correct answer: one large vacuole (usually) What types of cells are ribosomes found in? correct answer: prokaryotic and eukaryotic What do ribosomes do? correct answer: synthesize (make) proteins