HBS EOC Final Exam Review Questions With Complete Solutions

What is the connection between power and movement in the body? correct answer: Movement requires power. The energy comes from cellular respiration. Respiration can be aerobic (w/ oxygen) or anaerobic (w/o oxygen) How does the body maintain a supply of ATP during exercise? correct answer: through the phosphagen system, glycogen-lactic acid system, and aerobic respiration Phosphagen System correct answer: Muscles use creatine phosphate to make energy for 8-10 seconds. An enzyme (creatine kinase) breaks the ATP into ADP, releasing energy and the ADP is quickly recharged back into ATP . Glycogen-lactic Acid System correct answer: Muscles store carbs as glycogen and can use anaerobic respiration to turn glycogen into glucose and then convert the glucose into ATP and lactic acid. The process is slower, but longer lasting than the phosphagen system. The lactic acid builds up and makes muscles sore (causing muscle fatigue) Aerobic Respiration correct answer: After about 2 minutes of exercise, the body is able to get oxygen to the muscles so that glucose can be fully broken down aerobically. The glucose can come from these places: 1) glycogen in muscles 2) glycogen in the liver 3) absorption of glucose from food in the intestine. After "hitting the wall" (depleting all glucose reserves), the body switches to burning fat reserves. When all fat is exhausted, the body can break proteins into amino acids and convert them into ATP. It works slower than the other processes but is extremely long lasting. What body systems are involved with powering an athlete through a running race? correct answer: Digestive-absorbs glucose through intestines and releases stored glucose from liver Respiratory-brings steady supply of oxygen needed to combust glucose Cardiovascular- Carries O2 & glucose to the cells to be converted into energy within the mitochondira Anabolic Steroids correct answer: promote tissue growth and improve indurance Blood doping` correct answer: loading an athlete's blood with their own RBCs so blood carries more oxygen Erythropoietin correct answer: can be injected into the athlete to promote RBC production and increase O2 carrying capacity Muscle Fatigue correct answer: When muscles can't generate force after a time of maximum contraction. The muscles no longer listens to the brain and sometimes moves backwards. muscles can also fatigue when there's a lack of correct answer: oxygen, water, vitamins or nutrients, or when there's a buildup of lactic acid Functions of the skin correct answer: Protection, sensation,