Unit 6 Bio Test (Purple Sheet) Questions and Answers 2023 Solved Correctly

dna - consists of 2 chains of nucleotide which spiral to form a double helix; deoxyribose sugar; the base pairing is: A=T & G=C; located in the nucleus; and carries genetic instructions for traits. chromosomes - a structure in the nucleus consisting of one long DNA thread tightly coiled around proteins genes - a segment of DNA at a specific location n a chromosome that codes for a particular RNA/protein sex chromosomes - in organisms that undergo sexual reproduction, one pair of the sex chromosome determines the gender of the organism male [sex chromosome] - X and Y chromosome female [sex chromosome] - 2 X chromosomes Auto chromosomes - all other types of chromosomes How many chromosomes do humans have? - 46 [23 pairs] 3 parts of a nucleotide -nitrogen base, pentose sugar, 3 phosphate group term used to describe the shape of the dna nucleotide - double helix rna - 1 strand; uses ribose sugar; base pairing is A,U,G,C; located in ribosomes/cytoplasm; and its function is protein synthesisantiparallelism - when 2 strands of DNA nucleotides are arranged in opposing orientation/direction transcription - the first stage of DNA expression in which a mRNA copy of DNA is made in the nucleus translation - the second stage of gene expression in which tRNA and ribosomes use the mRNA sequence to assemble amino acids into protein molecules in the cytoplasm rna polymerase - the enzyme that matches complementary nucleotides to the DNA template strand in order to make RNA during transcription nucleus - the part of the cell near the center of the cell that controls the cell's activities & contains the DNA in the form of chromatin/chromosomes cytoskeleton - a network of protein mirofilaments and microtubules that guides movement of organelles and gives support of the cell golgi apparatus - the membrane/organelle that packages and delivers proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates smooth er - a membrane network that transports substances made in the cell and makes lipids rough er - a membrane network with attached ribosomes that transports substances made in the cell mutations - changes in an organisms dna beneficial mutations - helps organisms adapt to the environment and creates code for new versions of proteins