AUA Foundations Questions: Goal 6 Questions With Complete Solutions

Understand how the genes encoded in DNA are transcribed into messenger RNA for eventual translation into proteins DNA --- RNA --- Protein correct answer: The Central Dogma This is the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity. This is an ordered sequence of nucleotides located in a particular position on a particular chromosome that encodes a specific functional product. It is a functional unit that is regulated by transcription and encodes an RNA product, which is most commonly, but not always, translated into a protein that exerts activity within or outside the cell correct answer: Gene The process by which a gene's coded information is converted into the structures present and operating in the cell. Expressed genes include those that are transcribed into mRNA and then translated into protein and those that are transcribed into RNA but not translated into protein (e.g., transfer and ribosomal RNAs). correct answer: Gene Expression The information stored in DNA, then copied into RNA DNA-directed RNA synthesis The synthesis of RNAs using DNA as the template - The synthesis of RNA is 5' to 3' and complementary to its DNA template *Think of the nucleotide sequence the "language" of DNA This is precisely copied/transcribed, into the nucleotide sequence of an RNA molecule. **Includes Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes correct answer: TRANSCRIPTION Both the DNA strands are __________. However, For a given gene, only one of the two DNA strands can be the _______________. correct answer: Template(s) Region of DNA that includes coding for translation, signals for transcription initiation, elongation