Environmental
B1 Methods by which infectious diseases can be spread:
Explain how infectious diseases can be transmitted?
Direct contact -Transmission
Human to human - Bodily fluids Infectious diseases can be spread through
human to human by direct contact of
viruses, bacteria or pathogens. Direct
transmission can occur from human to
human through touching, sneezing, kissing
or coughing on someone who isn't infected
Image with the disease.
link-http://www.victorhorescu.com/huma
n-human-world-full-procedures/ An example of human to human disease is
Gonorrhoea symptoms of this could
include thick yellow or green discharge
coming from your gentiles, pain while
peeing, pain while on your period.
Source-https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/g
onorrhoea/
Gonorrhoea is transferred through sexual
intercorse and this can be prevented by
using condoms and getting regular
screening tests. Treatment for gonorrhoea
is using antibiotics.
Antibiotics to treat gonorrhoea have a 95%
effective rate.
Source-https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/g
onorrhoea/treatment/
An example of bodily fluids disease HIV
symptoms is a sore throat, body rash,
fatigue, swollen glands, joint pain, muscle ,
,pain and a fever.
Source-https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hi
v-and-aids/symptoms/
Use protection when having sex and never
sharing needles and syringes.
Treatment for HIV could include
antiretroviral therapy, taking ART HIV
medication daily can help with HIV
transmission.
Source-https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understan
ding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-treatment-basic
, s#:~:text=treatment%20for%20HIV%3F-,
The%20treatment%20for%20HIV%20is%
20called%20antiretroviral%20therapy%2
0(ART).,HIV%20live%20longer%2C%20h
ealthier%20lives.
Animal to human Infectious diseases can be spread through
animals to humans by getting bitten or
scratched by an infectious animal. You can
get Toxoplasmosis from accidentally
swallowing animal faeces infected soil or
eating animal food.
Image An example of animal to human disease is
link-https://www.york.ac.uk/healthscienc rabies symptoms of this can
es/research/mental-health/ourresearch/h include,irritability ,seizures, confusion,
uman-animal-interaction/ hallucinations and anger.
Source-https://kidshealth.org/en/parents
/rabies.html
Treatment for rabies is a fast acting rabies
vaccination.
Source-https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/symptom
s-causes/syc-20351173#:~:text=Infectious%20diseases%20commonly%20spread%20t
hrough,someone%20who%20isn't%20infected.
Indirect contact
Vectors- fleas, lice, ticks, mosquitoes Infectious diseases can be spread through
getting bitten by fleas, lice, ticks and
mosquitoes. This can occur when a non
infected person gets bitten by a malaria
infected mosquito this then can transfer the
disease.
An example of vector disease is malaria
symptoms could include a fever, diarrhoea ,
headache, throwing up, feeling ill and
muscle pain.
Image Source-https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/m
link-https://www.seekpng.com/ipng/u2w alaria/symptoms/
7i1r5e6e6o0w7_fleas-lice-ticks-mosquito
es-biting-flies-insect/ Malaria can be transmitted through a
female anopheles mosquito biting you.
Source-https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/abo
ut/faqs.html#:~:text=How%20is%20malar
, ia%20transmitted%3F,taken%20from%20
an%20infected%20person.
Treatment for malaria is antimalarial
medication.
Source-https://my.clevelandclinic.org/he
alth/diseases/15014-malaria
Antimalarial treatment helps with killing
blood stage malaria parasites this then
helps with controlling and preventing
malaria symptoms which then stops the risk
of transmission.
Source-https://www.iamat.org/blog/malar
ia-medication-your-questions-answered/
#:~:text=Antimalarial%20medication%20
works%20by%20killing,to%20establish%
20in%20your%20system.
Transmission – surfaces, infected water Infectious diseases can be spread through
droplets (sneezes, vapour from infected surfaces for example carpet or
coughing) tablecloth or door handles. Indirect
transmission happens when the infected
person sneezes or coughs and later a non
infected person touches the same place a
infected person has touched or left droplets
on.
Covid is an airborne disease. An example
of transmission disease is Covid-19 as it
can be transferred through infected
surfaces, and from people with covid.
Image To prevent transmission of covid you have
link-https://www.scientificamerican.com/ to stay in your house and limit the amount
article/how-coronavirus-spreads-throug of times you leave the house. This method
will then reduce the risk of spread.
h-the-air-what-we-know-so-far1/
Contamination – food or water, e.g. Salmonella can spread through not washing
salmonella, typhoid. your hands after handling raw meat or using
the same utensils that you used for raw
meat to eat with can cause someone to get
salmonella as this is cross contamination.
Typhoid can spread through drinking dirty
water or foods that are contaminated with
human stool.
An example of contamination disease is
Salmonella symptoms could include
diarrhoea, a fever and stomach pain.
B1 Methods by which infectious diseases can be spread:
Explain how infectious diseases can be transmitted?
Direct contact -Transmission
Human to human - Bodily fluids Infectious diseases can be spread through
human to human by direct contact of
viruses, bacteria or pathogens. Direct
transmission can occur from human to
human through touching, sneezing, kissing
or coughing on someone who isn't infected
Image with the disease.
link-http://www.victorhorescu.com/huma
n-human-world-full-procedures/ An example of human to human disease is
Gonorrhoea symptoms of this could
include thick yellow or green discharge
coming from your gentiles, pain while
peeing, pain while on your period.
Source-https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/g
onorrhoea/
Gonorrhoea is transferred through sexual
intercorse and this can be prevented by
using condoms and getting regular
screening tests. Treatment for gonorrhoea
is using antibiotics.
Antibiotics to treat gonorrhoea have a 95%
effective rate.
Source-https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/g
onorrhoea/treatment/
An example of bodily fluids disease HIV
symptoms is a sore throat, body rash,
fatigue, swollen glands, joint pain, muscle ,
,pain and a fever.
Source-https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hi
v-and-aids/symptoms/
Use protection when having sex and never
sharing needles and syringes.
Treatment for HIV could include
antiretroviral therapy, taking ART HIV
medication daily can help with HIV
transmission.
Source-https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understan
ding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-treatment-basic
, s#:~:text=treatment%20for%20HIV%3F-,
The%20treatment%20for%20HIV%20is%
20called%20antiretroviral%20therapy%2
0(ART).,HIV%20live%20longer%2C%20h
ealthier%20lives.
Animal to human Infectious diseases can be spread through
animals to humans by getting bitten or
scratched by an infectious animal. You can
get Toxoplasmosis from accidentally
swallowing animal faeces infected soil or
eating animal food.
Image An example of animal to human disease is
link-https://www.york.ac.uk/healthscienc rabies symptoms of this can
es/research/mental-health/ourresearch/h include,irritability ,seizures, confusion,
uman-animal-interaction/ hallucinations and anger.
Source-https://kidshealth.org/en/parents
/rabies.html
Treatment for rabies is a fast acting rabies
vaccination.
Source-https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/symptom
s-causes/syc-20351173#:~:text=Infectious%20diseases%20commonly%20spread%20t
hrough,someone%20who%20isn't%20infected.
Indirect contact
Vectors- fleas, lice, ticks, mosquitoes Infectious diseases can be spread through
getting bitten by fleas, lice, ticks and
mosquitoes. This can occur when a non
infected person gets bitten by a malaria
infected mosquito this then can transfer the
disease.
An example of vector disease is malaria
symptoms could include a fever, diarrhoea ,
headache, throwing up, feeling ill and
muscle pain.
Image Source-https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/m
link-https://www.seekpng.com/ipng/u2w alaria/symptoms/
7i1r5e6e6o0w7_fleas-lice-ticks-mosquito
es-biting-flies-insect/ Malaria can be transmitted through a
female anopheles mosquito biting you.
Source-https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/abo
ut/faqs.html#:~:text=How%20is%20malar
, ia%20transmitted%3F,taken%20from%20
an%20infected%20person.
Treatment for malaria is antimalarial
medication.
Source-https://my.clevelandclinic.org/he
alth/diseases/15014-malaria
Antimalarial treatment helps with killing
blood stage malaria parasites this then
helps with controlling and preventing
malaria symptoms which then stops the risk
of transmission.
Source-https://www.iamat.org/blog/malar
ia-medication-your-questions-answered/
#:~:text=Antimalarial%20medication%20
works%20by%20killing,to%20establish%
20in%20your%20system.
Transmission – surfaces, infected water Infectious diseases can be spread through
droplets (sneezes, vapour from infected surfaces for example carpet or
coughing) tablecloth or door handles. Indirect
transmission happens when the infected
person sneezes or coughs and later a non
infected person touches the same place a
infected person has touched or left droplets
on.
Covid is an airborne disease. An example
of transmission disease is Covid-19 as it
can be transferred through infected
surfaces, and from people with covid.
Image To prevent transmission of covid you have
link-https://www.scientificamerican.com/ to stay in your house and limit the amount
article/how-coronavirus-spreads-throug of times you leave the house. This method
will then reduce the risk of spread.
h-the-air-what-we-know-so-far1/
Contamination – food or water, e.g. Salmonella can spread through not washing
salmonella, typhoid. your hands after handling raw meat or using
the same utensils that you used for raw
meat to eat with can cause someone to get
salmonella as this is cross contamination.
Typhoid can spread through drinking dirty
water or foods that are contaminated with
human stool.
An example of contamination disease is
Salmonella symptoms could include
diarrhoea, a fever and stomach pain.
