U12C: Understand how infectious diseases can be treated and managed
C1 Methods of treatment
• Specific treatments
Every disease needs a specific treatment for that type of disease caused by that certain pathogen .
For example bacterial diseases can only be treated using antibiotics. On the other hand viral diseases
can be treated by using antivirals and antiretrovirals. Fungal disease can be treated by using
antifungal ointments, creams and gels. Worms is a pathogen that can only be treated by using
mebendazole which works by killing worms. You can’t use antibiotics for viral diseases or fungal
diseases as antibiotics only treat and kill bacterial cells. This could also make the person more unwell
as there is no reason for the students to take the medication.
• Antibiotics:
Antibiotics is a medication used to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics prevent the growth of
bacteria in the body. Examples of antibiotics are Penicillin,Tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones.
*This is an image or drug used to treat and stop the growth of bacteria which usually comes in the
form of pills or syrup.
Image link-https://www.news-medical.net/health/Appropriate-Use-of-Antibiotics.aspx
*disruption of reproductive process
Antibiotics work by stopping the growth of bacteria by stopping bacteria from making proteins that
prevent the replication of bacteria. Another way which Antibiotics work is by stopping feeding the
bacteria carbon, water and nitrogen.
Source-https://badgut.org/information-centre/a-z-digestive-topics/all-about-antibiotics/#:~:text=Ant
ibiotics%20work%20by%20disrupting%20bacterial,to%20store%20and%20use%20energy.
*disruption of energy process
Antibiotics stop bacteria from replicating and using energy. Bacteria gain energy from oxidation of
organic compounds and also the splitting up of chemical compounds.Antibiotics hinder the ability of
building a cell wall.
Source-https://badgut.org/information-centre/a-z-digestive-topics/all-about-antibiotics/#:~:text=Ant
ibiotics%20work%20by%20disrupting%20bacterial,to%20store%20and%20use%20energy.
*cell wall/lysis
Lysis is the process of destroying the cell wall and killing the bacterial cell.
, Antibiotics work by breaking down the cell wall of the bacterial cell so that the bacterial cells don't
multiply. The molecule peptidoglycan supplies the cell wall with strength and the ability to survive in
the body.
Source-https://www.livescience.com/44201-how-do-antibiotics-work.html
Source-https://biologydictionary.net/lyse/
*specificity
There are two types of antibiotics, general and specific. An example of a common general antibiotic
is penicillin which is used to treat bacterial infections. Specific antibiotics are used to treat specific
bacterial infections, for example strep throat, urinary tract infections and E.coli.
Source-https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html
*Resistance
Antibiotic resistance can occur when the bacteria or fungi continues to replicate and reproduce as
the antibiotic is no longer effective; this can be due to the fact that over time bacteria can evolve and
thus become resistant. A common type of bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics is MRSA. Antibiotic
resistance occurs due to a mutation of the bacteria which then means the bacteria cannot be killed
by antibiotics.
Source-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8XYxNqEJqI
> analyse different treatment methods to combat disease processes.
Antibiotics can be used to treat illnesses such as pneumonia, bronchitis and kidney and blood
infections. Antibiotic treatment works by stopping the growth of bacterial cells by stopping bacteria
from making proteins that prevent the replication of bacteria. Another way which Antibiotics work is
by stopping the feeding of the bacteria carbon, water and nitrogen. The use of antibiotics is to stop
bacteria from gaining energy from oxidation of organic compounds and also the splitting up of
chemical compounds. Antibiotics also use the process of lysis to hinder the ability of building a cell
wall and also killing and eliminating the bacterial cells. One example of an antibiotic is Penicillin
which is used to treat infections made from bacteria however Penicillin can cause allergies which
could lead to shortness of breath and visible rashes on the body. Common side effects of penicillin
could include nausea, diarrhoea and headache. Disadvantages of penicillin could include that it takes
up to 3-5 days for u to see improvements and for penicillin to cure your bacterial infection you have
to take the medication orally constantly for the amount of time advised by your doctor. Bacteria over
time have evolved to not be killed by penicillin this then made penicillin an ineffective use as a drug
over time. Advantages of penicillin could be that it is affordable as it was an old medication made
years ago and antibiotics prevent the risk of spreading.Antibiotics can be used to treat illnesses such
as pneumonia, bronchitis and kidney and blood infections.
Source-https://badgut.org/information-centre/a-z-digestive-topics/all-about-antibiotics/#:~:text=
Antibiotics%20work%20by%20disrupting%20bacterial,to%20store%20and%20use%20energy.
Source-https://www.healthline.com/health/antibiotics/names-of-common-antibiotics#the-most-c
ommon-antibiotics
• Antiviral
C1 Methods of treatment
• Specific treatments
Every disease needs a specific treatment for that type of disease caused by that certain pathogen .
For example bacterial diseases can only be treated using antibiotics. On the other hand viral diseases
can be treated by using antivirals and antiretrovirals. Fungal disease can be treated by using
antifungal ointments, creams and gels. Worms is a pathogen that can only be treated by using
mebendazole which works by killing worms. You can’t use antibiotics for viral diseases or fungal
diseases as antibiotics only treat and kill bacterial cells. This could also make the person more unwell
as there is no reason for the students to take the medication.
• Antibiotics:
Antibiotics is a medication used to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics prevent the growth of
bacteria in the body. Examples of antibiotics are Penicillin,Tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones.
*This is an image or drug used to treat and stop the growth of bacteria which usually comes in the
form of pills or syrup.
Image link-https://www.news-medical.net/health/Appropriate-Use-of-Antibiotics.aspx
*disruption of reproductive process
Antibiotics work by stopping the growth of bacteria by stopping bacteria from making proteins that
prevent the replication of bacteria. Another way which Antibiotics work is by stopping feeding the
bacteria carbon, water and nitrogen.
Source-https://badgut.org/information-centre/a-z-digestive-topics/all-about-antibiotics/#:~:text=Ant
ibiotics%20work%20by%20disrupting%20bacterial,to%20store%20and%20use%20energy.
*disruption of energy process
Antibiotics stop bacteria from replicating and using energy. Bacteria gain energy from oxidation of
organic compounds and also the splitting up of chemical compounds.Antibiotics hinder the ability of
building a cell wall.
Source-https://badgut.org/information-centre/a-z-digestive-topics/all-about-antibiotics/#:~:text=Ant
ibiotics%20work%20by%20disrupting%20bacterial,to%20store%20and%20use%20energy.
*cell wall/lysis
Lysis is the process of destroying the cell wall and killing the bacterial cell.
, Antibiotics work by breaking down the cell wall of the bacterial cell so that the bacterial cells don't
multiply. The molecule peptidoglycan supplies the cell wall with strength and the ability to survive in
the body.
Source-https://www.livescience.com/44201-how-do-antibiotics-work.html
Source-https://biologydictionary.net/lyse/
*specificity
There are two types of antibiotics, general and specific. An example of a common general antibiotic
is penicillin which is used to treat bacterial infections. Specific antibiotics are used to treat specific
bacterial infections, for example strep throat, urinary tract infections and E.coli.
Source-https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html
*Resistance
Antibiotic resistance can occur when the bacteria or fungi continues to replicate and reproduce as
the antibiotic is no longer effective; this can be due to the fact that over time bacteria can evolve and
thus become resistant. A common type of bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics is MRSA. Antibiotic
resistance occurs due to a mutation of the bacteria which then means the bacteria cannot be killed
by antibiotics.
Source-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8XYxNqEJqI
> analyse different treatment methods to combat disease processes.
Antibiotics can be used to treat illnesses such as pneumonia, bronchitis and kidney and blood
infections. Antibiotic treatment works by stopping the growth of bacterial cells by stopping bacteria
from making proteins that prevent the replication of bacteria. Another way which Antibiotics work is
by stopping the feeding of the bacteria carbon, water and nitrogen. The use of antibiotics is to stop
bacteria from gaining energy from oxidation of organic compounds and also the splitting up of
chemical compounds. Antibiotics also use the process of lysis to hinder the ability of building a cell
wall and also killing and eliminating the bacterial cells. One example of an antibiotic is Penicillin
which is used to treat infections made from bacteria however Penicillin can cause allergies which
could lead to shortness of breath and visible rashes on the body. Common side effects of penicillin
could include nausea, diarrhoea and headache. Disadvantages of penicillin could include that it takes
up to 3-5 days for u to see improvements and for penicillin to cure your bacterial infection you have
to take the medication orally constantly for the amount of time advised by your doctor. Bacteria over
time have evolved to not be killed by penicillin this then made penicillin an ineffective use as a drug
over time. Advantages of penicillin could be that it is affordable as it was an old medication made
years ago and antibiotics prevent the risk of spreading.Antibiotics can be used to treat illnesses such
as pneumonia, bronchitis and kidney and blood infections.
Source-https://badgut.org/information-centre/a-z-digestive-topics/all-about-antibiotics/#:~:text=
Antibiotics%20work%20by%20disrupting%20bacterial,to%20store%20and%20use%20energy.
Source-https://www.healthline.com/health/antibiotics/names-of-common-antibiotics#the-most-c
ommon-antibiotics
• Antiviral
