Milady Advanced Esthetics Exam Review questions and answers

What is a disease resulting from human immunodeficiency virus? AIDS What term refers to the rapid-onset, short-term initial stage of disease? acute What does the term "antibacterial" mean? destroying or stopping the growth of bacteria What fluids are considered contaminated and/or infectious under standard precautions? blood, saliva, pus What term refers to any object that can penetrate the skin? sharp What is the correct term for a plan for avoiding potential exposure and for dealing with it should exposure occur? safety plan What term indicates that something is transmitted through direct blood-to-blood contact? bloodborne What is mechanical irritation? tissue damage due to repeated physical contact to the tissue How are transient microorganisms removed from the hands? hand washing What are microorganisms that are often present on the surface of the human body? resident microorganisms What is a pathogen? a microorganism or substance capable of producing disease What term describes the risks involved in piercing mucous membranes or the skin through needle sticks, bites, cuts, and abrasions? parenteral hazards What term refers to any living thing, plant or animal? organism What are bacteria that will not cause harm when on a healthy host, but can cause infection and disease once they have entered the skin? opportunistic bacteria Where would one acquire a nosocomial infection? hospital What are components of a mucous membrane? epithelium, basement membrane, connective tissue What is the correct term for the process of becoming immune or rendering a person immune to a pathogen? immunization What term refers to devices that isolate or remove bloodborne pathogen hazards from the workplace? engineering controls What is an infection that occurs when bacteria travel from a site where they were harmless to a site where they cause infection? endogenous infection What are definitions of the word "contaminate? to render impure; to soil, stain, or pollute; to render unfit for use What does the term "asepsis" mean? a condition free from germs and any form of life What variety of hepatitis is transmitted by drinking water or eating food contaminate with fecal matter containing the virus? hepatitis A What variety of hepatitis can be treated without the use of interferon? hepatitis A What federal agency would send inspectors to a salon because an accident has occurred in which three or more employees were injured? Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) What should you do if you are visited by an inspector from OSHA? write down the inspector's name What is the second link in the chain of infection? reservoir where the agent resides What is the second-to-last link in the chain of infection? portal of entry Why should you follow OSHA guidelines if you are a sole proprietor and work alone? to live a long and healthy life What are means by which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is spread from an infected person to a noninfected person? contact with blood, contact with saliva, contact with broken skin What organ is most often affected by the highly infectious disease tuberculosis? lungs Why have many states passed laws that prohibit spitting on sidewalks? because tuberculosis can live on a sidewalk in sputum for six months What are forms in which methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin infections can present themselves? cellulitis, impetigo, carbuncles What is one of the steps you can take to minimize the spread of MRSA? cleaning and disinfecting all work surfaces What mode of transmission involves contact with an animal, insect, or parasite that transports infection by biting the host or by depositing feces or eggs in broken skin? vector transmission What term refers to the ability to surgically cut or remove using a laser? ablative What term refers to the uptake of one substance into another? absorption What term refers to the act of removing light energy from a beam before it exits a second medium? attenuation What is a current that flows on a path of least resistance between positive and negative electrodes that are placed at opposite ends of the treatment forceps or device head? bipolar radiofrequency (RF) energy What term refers to parallel rays of light that travel spatially and temporally in phase with each other? coherent light What is cryogen? a liquefied gas that is cooled to -238 degrees Fahrenheit What is a "grounding pad" placed on the individual's thigh or an area of large tissue mass that receives the radiofrequency energy? dispersing electrode What term refers to irradiance multiplied by the exposure time, measured in joules per square centimeter? fluence What is a polychromatic, noncoherent, dispersive band of light commonly using wavelengths from 500 to 1,200 nm? intense pulsed light (IPL) What is another term for "power density"? irradiance What are joules? units of energy or work