CALAOMS Exam Pratice Questions With Answers - Latest Updated 2023/2024

CALAOMS Exam Pratice Questions With Answers - Latest Updated 2023/2024. The heart is divided into _____ chambers. The upper chambers are called _____ while the lower chambers are called _____. - Answer 4, atria, ventricles Continue the pathway of the blood flow: From the lungs where it picked up oxygen, blood travels through the _____ vein to the _____ atrium, past the _____ valve to the _____ ventricle, then through the _____ valve and into the _____ where it is pumped to the rest of the body. - Answer pulmonic, left, mitral, left, aortic, aorta Trace the pathway of the conduction system through the heart: _____ node to the _____ node, to the Bundle of His to the _____ and finally to the _____. - Answer SA, AV, Bundle Branches, Purkinjie fibers Stimulation of the Vagus nerve will ___ the heart rate. - Answer Decrease Beta one controls the - Answer Heart Follow the pathway of the blood flow through the heart: Superior and inferior vena cava to the _____ atrium, past the _____ valve and into the _____ ventricle. Past the ____ valve to the _____ artery to the lungs where it picks up oxygen. - Answer right, tricuspid, right, pulmonic, pulmonary Insufficient blood flow through the coronary arteries can result in: - Answer angina Which patient needs antibiotic premedication? - Answer A 70 year old with a prosthetic valve What medication is used in the treatment of angina? - Answer Nitroglycerin What do Beta Blockers do? - Answer Reduce the heart rate and blood pressure What does ISCHEMIA mean? - Answer Inadequate blood supply Symptoms of left sided heart failure include: - Answer Shortness of breath, pulmonary edema The first heart sound is caused by: - Answer The mitral and tricuspid valves closing What does NECROSIS mean? - Answer Death of tissue What are the two kinds of heart failure? - Answer Right and Left What is the difference between angina and a myocardial infarction? - Answer Angina is chest pain due to inadequate oxygenation while a myocardial infarction means death of the actual heart muscle. Symptoms of right sided heart failure include: - Answer ascites and pitting edema What is the mnemonic for a patient having a myocardial infarction? - Answer MONA What causes a heart murmur? - Answer Turbulence in the blood flow across the heart valves Left sided heart failure often leads to: - Answer Right sided heart failure Causes of hypotension include all of the following EXCEPT: - Answer Seizures Symptoms of severe hypotension include all the following EXCEPT: - Answer Chest pain The pneumonic for diagnosing a stroke is: - Answer FAST: Face, Arm, Speech, Time The blood pressure limit which is generally considered the upper limit of normal is? - Answer 140/90 High blood pressure may increase the patient's risk for heart attack and - Answer Stroke Patients in hypertensive crisis may complain of: - Answer Headache 2 kinds of stroke include: - Answer Ischemic and hemorrhagic Your patient wonders if he should skip his blood pressure medication the morning of surgery since he can't have anything to eat or drink. What do you tell him? - Answer Take your medications with a small sip of water Treatment for a patient having a hypertensive crisis includes: - Answer A Beta blocker and a vasodilator True or False: A patient that has a history of a CABG (coronary artery bypass grafting) needs to be premedicated with antibiotics. - Answer False What is the intrinsic rate of the SA node? - Answer 60-100 beats per minute The P wave is caused by? - Answer Depolarization of the atria The best treatment for ventricular fibrillation is: - Answer defibrillation Your patient has an irregularly irregular pulse. She most likely has: - Answer Atrial fibrillation The most common rhythm of cardiac arrest is: - Answer ventricular fibrillation What is the correct sequence of impulses through the heart? - Answer SA node--AV node--Bundle of His--Purkinjie Fibers _____ is more dangerous than _____ . - Answer Multifocal PVC's; unifocal PVC's The QRS complex is caused by? - Answer Depolarization of the ventricles The T wave is caused by? - Answer Repolarization of the ventricles True or False: Sinus arrhythmia is the same as asystole. - Answer False A patient who is in a narrow complex tachycardia is complaining of chest pain. You notice that the blood pressure is falling and the patient has an altered level of consciousness. Your next move is to: - Answer Sedate the patient, then perform a synchronized cardioversion The most effective treatment for a patient in ventricular fibrillation is: - Answer Defibrillation The second medication used in the treatment of ventricular fibrillation is: - Answer Amiodarone Vagal Maneuvers can be used in diagnosis and treatment of patients with which rhythm? - Answer Supraventricular tachycardia You come upon a patient who you have determined is not breathing and has no pulse. Your next move is to: - Answer Start chest compressions True or False: You can defibrillate asystole. - Answer False True or False: All bradycardias with rate 50 should be given Atropine .5 mg. - Answer False True or False: Patients in ventricular fibrillation (v fib) have a pulse. - Answer False The first MEDICATION for a patient in ventricular fibrillation is: - Answer Epinephrine 1 mg IV When performing CPR, the rate of compression is how many per minute? - Answer 100 CALAOMS STUDY GUIDE 2020 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS! Foreign bodies that are aspirated usually go down the ______ mainstem bronchus. - Answer tracheal The order of airflow inside the upper respiratory system is: - Answer nasopharynx, oropharynx, larygopharynx (larynx), trachea The ___ bronchus is straighter and wider while the ___ bronchus is narrower and angles more acutely. - Answer right, left Inspiration is more of a(n)_____ process, whereas expiration is more of a(n) ____ process. - Answer active; passive Gas exchange (where oxygen goes from the air to the blood and CO2 goes from blood to the air) takes place in the: - Answer alveoli Control of respiration is dependent on? - Answer the level of carbon dioxide in the blood Oxygen is carried by the: - Answer Red blood cell The order of airflow in the lower respiratory system is: - Answer trachea, right and left mainstem bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli The hairlike projections on the cells within the trachea are called: - Answer cilia The anatomic structure where a cricothyrotomy is performed is: - Answer through the cricothyroid membrane True or False: You can insert an LMA (laryngeal mask airway) on a conscious patient with an intact gag reflex. - Answer False Rescue inhalers are usually: - Answer Bronchodilators Normal adults should show a pulse oximeter reading of at least ____ % on room air. - Answer 96% Ideally, patients should stop smoking how long before an elective surgical procedure? - Answer 8 weeks With nitrous oxide delivery systems, at the maximum nitrous oxide delivery rate, at least how much oxygen should be concurrently delivered? - Answer 22% Pulse oximeter readings can be affected by all of the following EXCEPT: - Answer asthma medications Oxygen tanks are uniformly _____ in color, while nitrous oxide tanks are uniformly _____ in color. - Answer green; blue CALAOMS STUDY GUIDE 2020 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS! Asthma medications include all of the below EXCEPT: - Answer A (Alpha) agonist Asthma is a disease of: - Answer Bronchoconstriction True or False: an LMA is the most ideal, preferred method of airway maintenance. - Answer False The symptoms of hyperventilation are caused by: - Answer The decrease in blood CO2 The crowing sound indicating laryngospasm is called: - Answer Stridor Treatment of emesis is to turn the patient to the: - Answer Right Initial treatment for laryngospasm is to: - Answer Suction the oropharynx Medication used to treat persistent laryngospasm is: - Answer Succinylcholine The most common cause of airway obstruction is: - Answer Tongue True or False: If a patient had asthma years ago, you don't have to have them puff their inhaler pre-operatively. - Answer False Medications to treat Bronchospasm are usually: - Answer Beta agonists Protective reflex closure of the vocal cords is a: - Answer Laryngospasm Treatment of respiratory depression from an overdose of narcotics and benzodiazipines are _____ and ____ respectively. - Answer Naloxone and Flumazenil What is the normal blood glucose level? - Answer 70-100 What is the problem with performing surgery on a patient whose blood sugar is too high? - Answer They will have difficulty with wound healing What is the Endocrinology? - Answer It is the study of glands that secrete hormones that regulate the body What are symptoms of diabetes? - Answer Polyphagia (always hungry), polydypsea (always thirsty), Polyuria (frequent urination) What is the function of Glucagon? - Answer To release glucose from the cells into the bloodstream. What is the danger of doing surgery on a patient who is adrenally suppressed? - Answer They may experience a drop in blood pressure and shock CALAOMS STUDY GUIDE 2020 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS! What does the Thyroid do? - Answer Produces hormones that control metabolism and growth What is the function of Insulin? - Answer To drive glucose into the cells What are the two types of Diabetes? - Answer Type I: Beta cells don't produce Insulin at all, Type II: Insulin binds to the cells, but the glucose gates don't open Where is Insulin produced? - Answer Pancreas Which of the following are signs of a true allergic reaction? - Answer Itchy rash True or False: Patients with liver disease should be given higher doses of anesthetic agents. - Answer False In a patient in anaphylactic shock, the two most important considerations are: 1 the drop in blood pressure, and 2: - Answer Laryngeal edema Indications for patients to be on Coumadin include: - Answer Stroke or cerebral vascular accident Johnny's mother states he is allergic to Penicillin because he got sick to his stomach the last time he took it. You calmly tell mom: - Answer No, Mom. Johnny had an ADVERSE reaction to Penicillin, not a true allergy An important blood level to inquire about in an HIV positive patient is: - Answer T helper cell count The optimal time for elective procedures to be performed on a pregnant patient is the: - Answer Second trimester Medications for treatment of allergic reactions include Benadryl and: - Answer Decadron Your patient is in kidney failure and requires dialysis. He is on a Monday, Wednesday, Friday dialysis schedule. Which day do you want to do surgery on? - Answer Tuesday or Thursday An extreme allergic reaction is called: - Answer Anaphylactic shock The preferred method of starting an IV is to use: - Answer A catheter Inflammation of the vein is called: - Answer Phlebitis The danger of an intra-arterial injection is: - Answer Intense chemical inflammation destroying the inner layer of the artery, preventing blood supply to the limb CALAOMS STUDY GUIDE 2020 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS! Which is the preferred vein for the IV site for oral surgery procedure? - Answer Antecubital fossa When inserting the catheter, which artery is at risk? - Answer Brachial artery Why must you run the IV fluid through the line before administering to the patient? - Answer To prevent air embolus Treatment for phlebitis includes: - Answer Pressure, moist heat and elevation Less severe venipuncture complications include: - Answer Phlebitis and extravasation Treatment of an intra-arterial injection is: - Answer 10cc 1% Procaine What is the preferred IV fluid? - Answer NS The stimulus for respiration is: - Answer Increasing CO2 levels Anesthetic agents act by: - Answer Interfering with the depolarization of the membrane The main organ that eliminates the drugs is the: - Answer Kidney The two components of the Autonomic Nervous System are: - Answer Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Your patient is really really nervous. You probably want to give this patient an anesthetic agent targeted at: - Answer The Center for Emotion The main organ that processes the anesthetic drugs and changes the chemical structure of the drug is the: - Answer Liver Increased heart rate and blood pressure are due to stimulation of the: - Answer Sympathetic system Normally, a nerve cell is POLARIZED. This means: - Answer There are more positive ions on the outside of the cell membrane and more negative ions on the inside of the cell. Increase in salivation is due to stimulation of the: - Answer Parasympathetic system Nerves conduct impulses by: - Answer Depolarization of the nerve membrane Atropine or glycopyyrolate are sometimes given to: - Answer reduce salivary secretions Steroids are used to: - Answer decrease swelling and inflammation CALAOMS STUDY GUIDE 2020 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS! The function of narcotics is to: - Answer minimize or eliminate pain True or False: Morphine is stronger than Fentanyl. - Answer False Nitrous Oxide: - Answer is stored in blue tanks, produces euphoria and promotes relaxation, should always be used in combination with oxygen, is a non-flammable liquid The action of benzodiazipines is to: - Answer relax and sedate the patient Oxygen: - Answer is stored in green tanks, should be administerd to every patient undergoing sedation or general anesthesia, should be administered at a concentration of 30% or higher when given with other inhaled agents, should be given cautiously to patients with COPD Benzodiazipines are reversed by: - Answer Romazicon (flumazinil) Simply shutting off Nitrous Oxide and allowing the patient to breathe room air can result in: - Answer Diffusion Hypoxia The most rapid and effective method of administration of drugs is: - Answer Intravenously (IV) Ketamine is classified as a: - Answer Dissociative Anesthetic Early signs of a local anesthetic overdose include: - Answer Anxiety, talkative, disoriented Propofol is classified as a: - Answer Sedative Hypnotic Brevital may predispose the patient to: - Answer Laryngospasm Brevital is classified as a: - Answer Barbiturate True or False: Ketamine can cause respiratory depression. - Answer False Contraindications for the use of Propofol include allergy to: - Answer Eggs, Soy True or False: Brevital can cause respiratory depression. - Answer True Which category of patients will usually require MORE Propofol? - Answer Children and women Acetominophen toxicity affects which organ? - Answer Liver A 78 year old female is given 5 mg Versed and 50 micrograms of Fentanyl. She now needs her chin tilted upwards to keep her airway open and she does not respond to CALAOMS STUDY GUIDE 2020 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS! verbal stimuli. Her level of sedation is: - Answer Deep sedation, possibly general anesthetic The target organ for anesthetic drugs is: - Answer Brain ASA NPO guidelines recommend restriction of clear fluids ____ hours before the procedure and restriction of solid food ____ hours before the procedure. - Answer 2 and 6 Agents that induce respiratory depression include all EXCEPT: - Answer Dissociative anesthetics True or False? It is easy to prevent a patient from progressing from a moderate sedation to a general anesthetic. - Answer False A 38 year old female presents for a consultation. Her past medical history includes Asthma, for which she takes a daily medication, Advair, as well as an emergency "rescue" inhaler, Albuterol. She reports she had an "attack" a few days ago in her doctor's office. Her physician then put her on a nebulizer and steroids. She also has diabetes for which she takes Metformin and Insulin. She says her last A1C is about 9.4. Her ASA classification is: - Answer ASA Class III The function of narcotics is: - Answer analgesia or relief of pain Examination of a patient with a protruded tongue reveals visualization of the soft palate and base of the uvula only. This patient's Malampatti classification is: - Answer Malampatti Class III A doctor requests his assistant to "take the patient's vital signs". He means document all the following EXCEPT: - Answer Pulse oximeter reading Versed is classified as a: - Answer Benzodiazepine Passage of air into the lungs follows the course: - Answer nose/mouth, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, trachea True or False? It is okay to use the patient's family to watch the patient in recover while we do the next procedure. - Answer False The most ideal airway managment is: - Answer endotracheal intubation Children have _____ heart rates and ____blood pressures when compared to adults. - Answer higher, lower The trachea is ______ to the esophagus. This means, when the patient is lying supine (on their back), the trachea will be _____ to the esophagus. - Answer anterior, superior