Intro to Psychology CLEP Latest Update Graded A

Intro to Psychology CLEP Latest Update Graded A Wilhelm Wundt german physiologist who founded psychology as a formal science; opened first psychology research laboratory in 1879 Structuralists Believed that consciousness was made up of basic elements that were combined to produce diffferent perceptions Introspection a method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings Edward Titchener Student of Wilhelm Wundt; founder of Structuralist school of psychology; set up first psychology lab in U.S. Functionalists studied the function of consciousness William James ; Field: functionalism; Contributions: studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; Studies: Pragmatism, The Meaning of Truth Biological Approach A psychological perspective that examines behavior and mental processes through a focus on the body, especially the brain and nervous system. Psychodynamic Approach Approach that states that behavior reflects unconscious internal conflict between inherited instincts and society's behavioral rules. **Sigmund Freud Behaviorist Approach A theoretical perspective that focuses only on objective, observable reactions. Behaviorism emphasizes the environmental stimuli that determines behavior. Classical Conditioning a learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned, neutral stimulus Operant Conditioning a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher Cognitive Approach According to this approach, behavior is a result of information processing, such as perception, memory, thought, judgment, and decision making Humanistic Approach approach to psychology that sees humans as basically good and striving to reach their ideal self Self-actualization self fulfillment the realization of all ones potential