Air Methods Critical Care Exam with Complete Solutions

What is the most reliable method of confirming and montioring correct placement of an ET tube? Continuous waveform capnography The upper airway consists of... Nose, Mouth, Jaw, Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Larynx No gas exchange occurs here __________, it's called ____________. Nose to terminal bronchioles, anatomical dead space. (2ml/kg of inspired tidal volume) They conduct airflow towards gas exchange units. Crycothyroid membrane between thyroid and cricoid, avascular structure that connects the thyroid and cricoid cartilage. Site of CRiCOTHYROTOMY- an emergency opening of the airway. A PaCO2 greater than 45 mmHg indicates: A. Metabolic acidosis. B. Metabolic alkalosis. C. Respiratory acidosis. D. Respiratory alkalosis. C. Respiratory acidosis PaCO2 normal range 35-45 mm Hg Less than 35 likely means hyperventilation Tracheal deviation AWAY from the affected side, decreased breath sounds, and hyperresonance... What's happening? Tension pneumothorax In a tension pneumothorax tracheal deviation goes in what direction? AWAY from affected side. Normal mean pulmonary artery pressure 10-20 mmHg Pulmonary hypertension is a mean PA pressure greater than... (PAm) greater than 20 Primary pulmonary hypertension Idiopathic genetic disorder caused by abnormal structure of the pulmonary blood vessels Name three causes of secondary pulmonary hypertension.. 1. Passive PH- the result of back pressure. Mitral Stenosis, LV systolic failure. 2. Active PH- Constriction of the pulmonary circuit Increased volume in pulmonary circuit (i.e. congenital heart disease) 3. Obstruction as in Chronic recurrent PE TNP of the Pregnant patient Resuscitation priorities are the same. The best way to take care of the baby is to take care of mama Mechanisms of injury and biomechanics the most common cause of maternal injury is... Blunt trauma caused by MVC. Second is BT caused by falls, 3rd is violence fetal distress is an early sign of maternal distress... Why? Catecholamine mediated vasoconstriction resulting from blood loss shunts blood away from the fetus to the mom. Fetal hypo perfusion is evidenced by.... Fetal tachycardia (140 to 160+) and fetal bradycardia The FRC in a pregnant patient is.... Reduced by the gravid uterus lifting the diaphragm. chest tube placement in a pregnant patient is 1-2 spaces higher Because of the lifted diaphragm What is the cause of physiological anemia in pregnant patients? Hemodilitional anemia occurs. Plasma volume increases 30-50%. Preterm Labor (PTL) abruptio placentae premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall