PALS (100% solved questions)

What is acryocyanosis? correct answers blue discoloration of the hands and feet What does EWL stand for? correct answers Estimated weight loss. Correlates with volume depletion (5% volume depletion = 5% EWL) Apnea is cessation of breathing for ___ seconds. correct answers 20 Can be less than 20s if accompanied by bradycarida, cyanosis, or pallor What is the most common cause of bradycardia in kids? correct answers apnea/hypoxia What is croup? correct answers Inflammation of the larynx/vocal cords How is croup classified? correct answers Mild (barking cough) Moderate (stridor and retractions at rest) Severe (significant agitation, decreased air entry) When can cyanosis appear? correct answers With a normal SpO2 if Hb is < 5 g/mL With a normal Hb if SpO2 is <70% If Hb is low (8 g/dL), the SpO2 must be even lower (<40%) for cyanosis to appear What is disordered control of breathing? correct answers Abnormal respiratory pattern caused by either muscle weakness (inadequate reversal), depressed consciousness (sedative overdose, poisoning, seizures, etc), or elevated ICP What is grunting? correct answers Low pitched sound during expiration caused by small airway obstruction/collapse, or by child partially closing the glottis during exhalation (helps keep small airways open)